EFICIENCIA DE BACTERIAS EN LA BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE COLORANTES AZOICOS EN EFLUENTES TEXTILES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/djpy2159Palabras clave:
Biorremediación, Colorantes azoicos, Industria textil, Bacterias, EfluentesResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear los géneros bacterianos más investigados en la biorremediación de colorantes azoicos e identificar aquellos que presentan mayor eficiencia de decoloración en condiciones controladas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo en la base de datos Scopus, abarcando el período de 2013 a 2025 y siguiendo las directrices PRISMA para la identificación, selección, elegibilidad e inclusión de los estudios. En total se analizaron 15 artículos, que reportaron tasas de decoloración entre 78,20% y 100%. Los géneros Bacillus, Pseudomonas y Enterobacter fueron los más investigados, principalmente frente a los colorantes Reactive Black 5, Metanil Yellow G y Congo Red. Además de la reducción del color, varios estudios destacaron disminuciones en la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO), la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y la concentración de Cr(VI), junto con pruebas de fitotoxicidad, lo que indica avances importantes para la aplicación ambiental e industrial de estas técnicas. La discusión de los resultados refuerza que la biorremediación representa una alternativa prometedora para la decoloración de efluentes textiles, aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones aún se ha desarrollado en condiciones de laboratorio controladas, lo que evidencia la necesidad de ampliar las pruebas a escenarios reales de aplicación. La relevancia de este trabajo radica en sistematizar datos dispersos sobre microorganismos capaces de degradar colorantes azoicos, destacando la eficiencia de géneros bacterianos específicos y su potencial uso en procesos industriales complejos, especialmente en el sector textil, donde el tratamiento de efluentes sigue siendo un desafío ambiental y económico significativo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Analice Andretti Gomes, Raquel Fidelis da Silva, Diego da Silva Sales, Camila Mendonça Romero Sales
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