HEPATOTOXICITY OF PARACETAMOL AND ITS INDISCRIMINATED USE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/rmnm.v12i1.3133Keywords:
Hepatotoxicity; Paracetamol; NAPQI; N-acetylcysteine; Prevention.Abstract
Paracetamol, widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic, can cause severe hepatotoxicity when used indiscriminately or in high doses. This literature review addresses the mechanisms of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, highlighting the formation of the toxic metabolite NAPQI through the cytochrome P450 enzymatic system. The accumulation of NAPQI in overdose cases results in severe hepatocellular damage, especially when glutathione reserves are depleted. Risk factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged fasting, malnutrition, and drug interactions exacerbate paracetamol toxicity. Early identification of symptoms and immediate treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are crucial to minimizing liver damage. Prevention strategies include public education, sales control, and stringent health policies. Effective clinical management, including the use of NAC and intensive support, is essential to improve the prognosis of affected patients. This study aims to promote a deep understanding of the risks associated with paracetamol use and contribute to better clinical practices and health policies.
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