ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL ESTIMATES AND REAL-WORLD DATA IN A CASE STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/16y5d916Keywords:
Distributed Generation, Solar Photovoltaic Energy, Solar PanelsAbstract
This study assesses the economic and financial feasibility of installing a grid-tied photovoltaic solar energy system at a business facility by integrating real consumption and generation data with mathematical modeling. The methodology involved quantifying energy consumption, sizing the system, and constructing a projected 30-year cash flow, accounting for module degradation, tariff adjustments, operational costs, and discount rates. Complementary analyses included inverter replacement over the system's lifespan and comparisons between estimated and observed generation. Results revealed substantial reductions in electricity consumption, ranging from 25.3% to 48.3% monthly. However, a mean deviation of approximately 25.6% between estimated and actual generation highlighted the limitations of models that assume ideal operating conditions. Despite this, the project yielded a positive and substantial net present value (NPV), even after incorporating additional costs and conservative performance scenarios, underscoring its economic robustness. Furthermore, the reliability of consumption data used for sizing proved critical to projection accuracy, directly influencing technical and economic outcomes. In financed scenarios, discrepancies between projected and actual values could undermine expected cash flows. In conclusion, the analyzed photovoltaic system demonstrates economic viability under real-world operating conditions that diverge from idealized assumptions, positioning it as a sustainable alternative for reducing energy costs. This study emphasizes the value of empirical validation and integrated technical-economic analysis in evaluating distributed generation projects.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Roberta Layra Faragó Jardim, Jaqueline Maria da Silva, Deborah Faragó Jardim

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