EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS (2019–2023)

Abstract

Tuberculosis remained one of the main public health challenges in Brazil, despite consolidated control policies. The state of Alagoas stood out for its persistent incidence, low cure rates, and elevated mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in adults and children in Alagoas, between 2019 and 2023, analyzing demographic, clinical, and operational variables to identify weaknesses in disease control. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective research was carried out, based on data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). All confirmed cases within the period were included, and indicators such as incidence, TB-HIV coinfection, cure rates, treatment abandonment, mortality, and adherence to Directly Observed Treatment were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 8,947 new cases were reported, resulting in an average coefficient of 33.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. Adults accounted for 72% of cases, while children represented 8%. TB-HIV coinfection was observed in 9.3% of patients. The cure rate reached 73%, while treatment abandonment exceeded 10% in some years. Only 54% underwent complete DOT. Between 2012 and 2022, 2,140 deaths were recorded, with a 12% increase during the pandemic. Discussion: The findings indicated that tuberculosis in Alagoas mirrored the national scenario, marked by social inequalities, structural vulnerabilities, and difficulties in therapeutic adherence. Final Considerations: It was concluded that effective control of the disease requires not only strengthening surveillance and treatment but also implementing social policies capable of ensuring adequate conditions for adherence and prevention.