GENES HLA E RESPOSTA VACINAL: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/53z6tt45Palavras-chave:
Sistema HLA, polimorfismo genético, resposta vacinal, imunogenéticaResumo
Introdução: O sistema HLA é essencial na resposta imune às vacinas, pois apresenta antígenos e ativa linfócitos. Sua grande variabilidade genética explica diferenças de eficácia vacinal entre indivíduos e populações. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos polimorfismos do HLA na resposta imunológica a vacinas, identificando alelos associados à boa resposta ou falhas vacinais. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura (2015–2025) nas bases PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science, incluindo artigos originais e revisões sobre HLA e resposta vacinal em humanos. Resultados e discussão: Alelos como HLA-DRB115 e HLA-DQB106 foram associados a respostas robustas contra hepatite B e influenza, enquanto HLA-DRB103 e HLA-DQB102 relacionaram-se à hiporresponsividade a vacinas como a tríplice viral e a alguns imunizantes contra COVID-19. Diferenças na apresentação antigênica das classes I e II afetam a imunidade humoral e celular, e a frequência alélica varia entre regiões. Considerações finais: A diversidade genética do HLA influencia fortemente a resposta vacinal, indicando a necessidade de estratégias imunogenéticas personalizadas.
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