INFLUENCIA DE LA DIETA EN LA PREVENCIÓN, EL TRATAMIENTO Y LA SINTOMATOLOGÍA EN MUJERES CON ENDOMETRIOSIS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/p2awjm36Palabras clave:
Nutrición; salud femenina; consumo de alimentos; inflamación crónica.Resumen
La endometriosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, sensible a las variaciones hormonales, que afecta a las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se caracteriza por la presencia de tejido similar al endometrio fuera del útero y afecta aproximadamente al 10 % de las mujeres en edad fértil. Es una de las principales causas de dolor pélvico persistente, dispareunia, dismenorrea y problemas relacionados con la fertilidad. Su origen es multifactorial e incluye aspectos genéticos, inmunológicos, hormonales y ambientales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO, Google Scholar, PubMed y LILACS de estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025, obteniéndose 8 artículos que cumplían con todos los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: De los 8 estudios analizados, 2 evaluaron el papel del consumo de calcio proveniente de productos lácteos durante la adolescencia en la prevención de la endometriosis. 1 evaluó la relación entre los niveles séricos de carotenoides y el riesgo de endometriosis. 2 evaluaron modificaciones dietéticas, como la eliminación del gluten, la leche y la soja, y la inclusión de vegetales y una dieta baja en FODMAP, así como una dieta específica para la endometriosis, para reducir el dolor y los síntomas de esta afección. 3 evaluaron el uso de suplementos con efectos antiinflamatorios. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación demostraron que el consumo adecuado de productos lácteos ricos en calcio se asocia con un menor riesgo de desarrollar endometriosis, especialmente cuando se introduce durante la adolescencia. Una dieta rica en carotenoides podría ser una estrategia preventiva, aunque se requieren más estudios para confirmar su mecanismo de acción y eficacia. Las intervenciones dietéticas, como las dietas antiinflamatorias, las dietas bajas en FODMAP o las dietas que excluyen el gluten, los lácteos y la soja, pueden reducir el dolor pélvico y contribuir a la mejora de los síntomas y la calidad de vida. La suplementación con omega-3 y vitaminas C y E también mostró resultados positivos en la reducción de la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo, lo que indica beneficios como tratamiento complementario.
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