THE NURSE AS AN ACTIVE MEDIATOR IN THE ORGAN DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION PROCESS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Human organ transplantation and organ donation are controversial topics with extensive discussions in our society. Organ and tissue donation, despite being an act of compassion, is surrounded by a socio-political and religious context. The lack of clarification, the absence of permanent programs aimed at raising public awareness and encouraging organ donation contribute to a vicious cycle of doubt, fear, and prejudice, entrenching myths. This context, as well as the decision-making process of families in the face of an agonizing moment motivated by the impact of the news of death, corroborates the loss of potential donors, impacting the insufficient acceptance of donations and prolonging the suffering of patients who depend on organ donation, condemning them to remain on an endless waiting list. Given the relevance of this topic, this literature review is justified in order to understand the role of nurses during the donation and transplantation process, as well as the function of the CIHDOTT (Intrahospital Commission for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation) and the OPO (Organ Procurement Organization). Regarding nursing care, it is crucial to provide individualized and unique assistance, both directly and indirectly, through training and promoting the continuing education of the entire team. This should be rigorously controlled by the nurse, addressing the entire donation process and including routines and flowcharts that facilitate communication with the CIHDOTT (Intrahospital Commission for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation) and the OPO (Organ Procurement Organization), redirecting this life-sustaining axis. It is undeniable, through this work, that there is a scarcity of studies in the bibliographic databases regarding the various functions of the nurse and the care provided during this process. This leads to gaps and questions about the nurse's influence in such activities, moderating their participation and importance in complex situations, and thus defining a notoriety for the nurse that is outdated in practice.