SEEDLING PERFORMANCE AND PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BASIL CULTIVARS IN SUBTROPICAL PROTECTED CULTIVATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/ag3jqp80Keywords:
Ocimum basilicum L.; Medicinal and aromatic plants; Phenotypic plasticity; Protected cultivation; Reproductive biology.Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a valuable resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries; however, its production faces increasing climatic instability. In this scenario, protected cultivation emerges as a solution to ensure a consistent supply of high-quality raw material. This study aimed to characterize the phenological development and agronomic performance of five basil cultivars ('Grecco a Palla', 'Limoncino', 'Basilicão', 'Folha de Alface', and 'Vermelho Rubi'), identifying genotypes adapted to protected environments in subtropical regions. The investigation assessed the seedling development stage and the progression of vegetative and reproductive phenological stages. Results from the seedling stage indicated that 'Basilicão' and 'Vermelho Rubi' exhibit superior initial vigor and efficiency in dry matter partitioning, while 'Grecco a Palla' displays a compact architecture and a dense root system, traits ideal for high-density systems. Phenological development was uniform among genotypes, reaching the vegetative peak at 60 days after sowing, a moment indicated as ideal for biomass harvest. The transition to the reproductive phase occurred at 65 days of cultivation, reaching full bloom by the 90th day. However, the entomophilous pollination of basil was restricted by the use of anti-aphid netting, negatively impacting seed production. We conclude that the viability of basil in subtropical protected environments depends on the alignment between genotype and commercial purpose, with this system being effective for stabilizing the phenological cycle of the crop. Furthermore, although anti-aphid screens provide phytosanitary isolation, their presence imposes severe restrictions on pollen flow, necessitating assisted pollination strategies to enable seed production.
Downloads
References
BLANK, A. F.; CARVALHO FILHO, J. L. S.; SANTOS NETO, A. L.; ALVES, P. B.; ARRIGONI-BLANK, M. F.; SILVA-MANN, R.; MENDONÇA, M. C. Caracterização morfológica e agronômica de acessos de manjericão e alfavaca. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 22, n. 1, p. 113-116, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362004000100024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362004000100024
FERNANDES, A. R. Crescimento de cultivares de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivadas em recipientes. 2014. 42 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1247
FERREIRA, D. F. Sisvar: a computer analysis system to fixed effects split plot type designs. Revista Brasileira de Biometria, v. 37, n. 4, p. 529-535, 2019. https://doi.org/10.28951/rbb.v37i4.450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28951/rbb.v37i4.450
FERREIRA, S. D.; BULEGON, L. G.; YASSUE, R. M.; ECHER, M. M. Efeito da adubação nitrogenada e da sazonalidade na produtividade de Ocimum basilicum L. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 18, n. 1, p. 237-243, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/15_035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/15_035
GELMINI, G. A. Receituário caseiro para controle de praga. 2. ed. Campinas: CATI, 2014. 28 p.
GOMES, J. M.; PAIVA, H. N. Viveiros Florestais: Propagação Sexuada. Viçosa: Editora UFV, 2011. 116 p.
GOSSA, A. G.; ASFAW, B. T. Morphological Characterization of Ethiopian Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Accessions for Qualitative Traits. International Journal of Agronomy, v. 2025, n. 1, 4442747, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1155/ioa/4442747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/ioa/4442747
GUERRA, A. M. N. M.; SILVA, M. G. M.; EVANGELISTA, R. S. Growth environment and pot volume affect biomass and essential oil production of basil. Revista Caatinga, v. 33, n. 1, p. 135-141, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n115rc DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n115rc
HACK, V. H.; BLEIHOLDER, H.; BUHR, L.; MEIER, U.; SCHNOCK-FRICKE, U.; WEBER, E.; WITZENBERGER, A. The Extended BBCH scale - General for the Phenological Growth Stages of Plants - with Special Reference to Crop Protection. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdientes, v. 44, n. 12, p. 265-270, 1992.
LORENZI, H.; MATOS, F. J. A. Plantas medicinais no Brasil: nativas e exóticas. 3 ed. Nova Odessa: Jardim Botânico Plantarum, 2021. 554 p.
MAČUKANOVIĆ-JOCIĆ, M. P.; RANČIĆ, D. V.; DAJIĆ STEVANOVIĆ, Z. P. Floral nectaries of basil (Ocimum basilicum): Morphology, anatomy and possible mode of secretion. South African Journal of Botany, v. 73, n.4, p. 636-641, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.06.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.06.008
MINAMI, K.; SUGUINO, E.; MELLO, S. C.; WATANABE, A. T. A cultura do manjericão. Piracicaba: ESALQ – Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação, 2007. 25 p. (Série Produtor Rural, nº 36).
OLIVEIRA, A. P. Desempenho agronômico e potencial ornamental de manjericão cultivado em campo no Distrito Federal sob diferentes adensamentos, adubações foliares e cortes. 2022. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2022. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/46428
PAIVA, E. P.; MAIA, S. S. S.; CUNHA, C. S. M.; COELHO, M. F. B.; SILVA, F. N. Composição do substrato para o desenvolvimento de mudas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.). Revista Caatinga, v. 24, n. 4, p. 62-67, 2011. http://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/sistema
PATON, A. A synopsis of Ocimum L. (Labiatae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin, v. 47, n. 3, p. 403-435, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/4110571 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4110571
PRAVUSCHI, P. R.; MARQUES, P. A. A.; RIGOLIN, B. H. M.; SANTOS, A. C. P. Efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação na produção de óleo essencial do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.). Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 32, n. 4, p. 687-693, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v32i4.3160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v32i4.3160
PURUSHOTHAMAN, B.; SRINIVASAN, R. P.; SUGANTHI, P.; RANGANATHAN, B.; GIMBUN, J.; SHANMUGAM, K. A Comprehensive Review on Ocimum basilicum. Journal Of Natural Remedies, v. 18, n. 3, p. 71-85, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2018/21324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2018/21324
TAIZ, L.; MØLLER, I. M.; MURPHY, A.; ZEIGER, E. Fisiologia e desenvolvimento vegetal. 7. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2024. 864 p.
WELTER, L.; CHASSOT, T.; FREIBERGER, M. Desenvolvimento inicial e qualidade de mudas de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell) Mattos conduzidas em diferentes substratos e recipientes. Revista de Ciências Agroambientais, v. 22, n. 2, p. 106-116, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30681/rcaa.v22i2.12767
YOKOTA, L. H. T.; SOUZA, J. R. P. Desempenho de cultivares de manjericão influenciadas pela variação sazonal. Científica, v. 50, n. 2, p. 1-7, 100-109, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2022.v.50.1446
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dra. Cristina Lima, Dra. Jael Simões Santos Rando, João Gabriel Naime de Godoy, Luís Eduardo Inacio da Silva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
