ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND INTAKE OF MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN RECEIVING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/5gj4xp30Keywords:
Pregnancy; Food Intake; Nutritional Status; Primary Health Care.Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy requires increased nutritional intake, adequate food consumption, and appropriate weight gain, as these factors are associated with maternal and child health. Assessing these variables allows the identification of nutritional inadequacies and influences on gestational nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between nutritional profile and nutrient intake of pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Health Care Units in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, between September 2023 and February 2024. Food intake was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls applied through the Multiple Pass Method and analyzed using DietBox© software, version 2024, in addition to a food frequency questionnaire from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Gestational weight gain was evaluated according to pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), based on the Institute of Medicine (2009) recommendations. Results: A total of 70 pregnant women were evaluated, with a mean age of 25.84 (±4.64) years, gestational age of 21.64 (±8.49) weeks, and pre-pregnancy BMI of 25.77 (±5.64) kg/m². Most participants had insufficient or excessive BMI (54.29%). Pregnant women with insufficient weight gain were younger than those with excessive weight gain (p<0.01). Associations were observed between gestational weight gain and the intake of carbohydrates, vitamins C and A, calcium, and energy. Regarding pre-pregnancy BMI, associations were found with energy, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, monounsaturated fat, vitamin C, calcium, zinc, sodium, folic acid, and potassium intake. The use of electronic devices during meals was high (71.4%). Consumption of unprocessed foods predominated, except for the high intake of sweetened beverages. An association was observed between fruit non-consumption and weight gain (p=0.01). Conclusion: Unbalanced dietary intake was associated with inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, as well as with pre-pregnancy BMI.
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