PLANTING SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON PENETRATION RESISTANCE, SOIL DENSITY, AND SOYBEAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/tnpbk659Keywords:
Soil compaction; soil management; no-tillage; conventional tillage.Abstract
In recent years, many producers have modified their production systems to meet the growing demand for food. However, these practices may lead to changes in the physical properties of the soil and compromise plant development. In order to evaluate the influence of production systems on soil physical properties and soybean crop yield, a study was conducted at Pitanga farm in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soil physical characteristics were assessed at different depths, including penetration resistance, bulk density, and porosity, in two areas: one under conventional tillage and the other under no-tillage. Agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop were also evaluated, including plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of nodes, and yield. Significant results were observed for penetration resistance, bulk density, and plant height. The no-tillage area showed a higher level of soil compaction however, the compaction level found did not affect root system growth or soybean yield.
Downloads
References
ANDRADE, R. S.; STONE, L. F. Índice S como indicador da qualidade física de solos. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 13, n. 4, p. 382-388, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662009000400003
BEHRENDS KRAEMER, F. et al. Morpho-structural evaluation of various soils subjected to different use intensity under no-tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 169, p. 124-137, 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.013
BENEVENUTE, P. A. N. et al. Penetration resistance: An effective indicator for monitoring soil compaction in pastures. Ecological Indicators. v. 117, p. 106647, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106647
BERTOL, I. et al. Propriedades físicas de um Cambissolo Húmico álico afetadas pelo tipo de manejo do solo. Ciência Rural, v. 30, p. 91- 95, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782000000100015
BLANCO-CANQUI, H.; RUIS, S. J. No-tillage and soil physical environment. Geoderma, v. 326, p. 164-200, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.03.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.03.011
BLUETT, C. et al. Soil research and soil preparation: why still focus on soil compaction. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 194, p. 104282, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.05.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.05.028
CALONEGO, J. C.; ROSOLEM, C. A. Crescimento radicular e produtividade da soja em rotação com plantas de cobertura sob escarificação e plantio direto. European Journal of Agronomy, v. 33, n. 3, p. 242-249, 2010.
CAMARGO, O. A.; ALLEONI, L. R. F. Compactação do solo e o desenvolvimento das plantas. 1° ed. Piracicaba: Esalq. 1997. 132p.
CELIK, I. Effects of tillage methods on penetration resistance, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in a clayey soil conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, v. 17. 143-156, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001166
COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO (CONAB). Portal de Informações Agropecuárias: Produtos 360. Brasília, DF, 2025. Disponível em: https://portaldeinformacoes.conab.gov.br/produtos-360.html. Acesso em: 16 jan. 2026
CRUSCIOL, C. A. C. et al. Annual crop rotation of tropical pastures with no-till soil as affected by lime surface application. European Journal of Agronomy, v. 80, p. 88-104, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.07.002
DANG, Y. P. et al. Strategic tillage in no-till farming systems in Australia’s northern grains-growing regions: I. Drivers and implementation. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 152, p. 104-114, 2015. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.009
DANIEL, D. F. et al. Agroclimatic Aptitude for Maize Crop In Regions of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, v. 24, n. 3, p. 1-15, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3562
DE MOURA, M. S. et al. Soil management and diverse crop rotation can mitigate early-stage no-till compaction and improve least limiting water range in a Ferralsol. Agricultural Water Manage, v. 243, p. 106523, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106523
DONAGEMA, G. K. et al. Manual de métodos de análise do solo. Embrapa. 2011. 2. 29-54
DRESCHER, M. S. et al. Penetration resistance and soybean yield after mechanical intervention on an oxisol under tillage. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 36, p. 1836-1844, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832012000600018.
ELTZ, F. L. F. et al. Resistência à penetração e rendimento da soja após intervenção mecânica em latossolo vermelho sob plantio direto. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 36, p. 1836-1844, 2012. doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832012000600018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832012000600018
FOLONI, J. S. S., LIMA, S. L., BÜLL, L. T. Crescimento aéreo e radicular da soja e de plantas de cobertura em camadas compactadas de solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 30. 49-57, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832006000100006
FREITAS, D. A. F. et al. Índices de qualidade do solo sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo florestal e cerrado nativo adjacente. Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 43, n. 3, p. 417-428, 2012. doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902012000300002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902012000300002
GAO, W. et al. Deep roots and soil structure. Plant Cell Environment, v. 39, p. 1662-1668, 2016. doi.org/10.1111/pce.12684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12684
GIAROLA, N. F. B. et al. Cultivares de soja sob plantio direto em Latossolo Vermelho compactado. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 31, n. 4, p. 2009. dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v31i4.851. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v31i4.851
HÚNGRIA, M.; NOGUEIRA, M. A. Inoculação da cultura da soja: fatores que influenciam a eficiência da fixação biológica do nitrogênio. Embrapa Soja, Documentos 406. Londrina: Embrapa Soja, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.embrapa.br/soja/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1133639. Acesso em: 16 jan. 2026.
HUNKE, P. et al. Soil changes under different land-uses in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Geoderma Regional, v. 4, p. 31-43, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2014.12.001
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Regiões de Influência das Cidades 2018. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2020. Disponível em: <https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/organizacao-do-territorio/redes-e-fluxos-geograficos/15798-regioes-de-influencia-das-cidades.html?=&t=acesso-ao-produto> Acesso em: 10 fev. 2026.
IDOWU, O. J. et al. Short-term conservation tillage effects on corn silage yield and soil quality in an irrigated, arid agroecosystem. Agronomy, v. 9, p. 455, 2019. doi.org/10.3390/agronomia9080455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080455
JABRO, J. D. et al. Soil cone index and bulk density of a sandy loam under no-till and conventional tillage in a corn-soybean rotation. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 206, p. 104842, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104842
JABRO, J. D. et al. Effect of three tillage depths on sugarbeet response and soil penetrability resistance. Agronomy Journal, v. 107, n. 4, p. 1481-1488, 2015. doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0561
JIN, K. et al. How do roots elongate in a structured soil? Journal Experimental Botany, v. 64, n. 15, p. 4761-4777, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert286
KELLER, T. et al. Historical increase in agricultural machinery weights enhanced soil stress levels and adversely affected soil functioning. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 194, p. 104293, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104293
KIEHL, E. J. Manual de Adafologia: relações solo planta. Piracicaba - SP: Editora Agronômica Ceres LTDA,. 1979. 262p.
KLEIN, V. A.; CAMARA R. K. Rendimento da soja e intervalo hídrico ótimo em latossolo vermelho sob plantio direto escarificado. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 31, p. 221-227, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832007000200004
KOGELBAUER, I. et al. Adaptation of soil physical measurement techniques for the delineation of mud and lakebed sediments at neusiedler see. Sensors, v. 13, p. 17067-17083, 2013. doi.org/10.3390/s131217067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s131217067
LIMA, C. G. R. et al. Correlação linear e espacial entre a produtividade de forragem, a porosidade total e a densidade do solo de Pereira Barreto (SP). Revista Brasileira de Ciência do solo, v. 31, p. 1233-1244, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832007000600002
LIMA, C. L. R. et al. Qualidade físicohídrica e rendimento de soja (Glycine max L.) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo. Ciência Rural, v. 36, n. 4, p. 1172-1178, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782006000400020
LOPES, E. S. et al. Compactação de um Solo Submetido ao Tráfego do Harvester e do Forwarder na Colheita de Madeira. Revista Floresta e Ambiente, v. 22, n. 2, p. 223-230, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.046413
LOSS, A. et al. Carbon, nitrogen and natural abundance of 13C and 15N in biogenic and physicogenic aggregates in a soil with 10 years of pig manure application. Soil & Tillage Research, v. 166, p. 52-58, 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.10.007
MONDAL, S.; CHAKRABORTY, D. Global meta-analysis suggests that no-tillage favourably changes soil structure and porosity. Geoderma, v. 405, p. 115443, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115443
MORAES, M. T. et al. Soil compaction impacts soybean root growth in an Oxisol from subtropical Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 200, p. 104611, 2020. 104611.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104611
MORAES, M. T.; GUSMÃO, A. G. How do water, compaction and heat stresses affect soybean root elongation? A review. Rhizosphere, v. 19, p. 10040, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100403
MOREIRA, M. L. C.; VASCONCELOS, T. N. N. Mato Grosso Solos e Paisagens. Cuiabá. Entrelinhas, 2007. 238p.
NOSKOSKI, L. E. C. et al. Biocombustíveis no brasil: uma revisão narrativa sobre a produção de etanol de cereais no Rio Grande do Sul. Remunom, v. 02, n. 1, p. 1-25, 2026. DOI:10.61164/5555zn48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61164/5555zn48
PARENTE, H. N.; MAIA, M. O. Impacto do pastejo sobre a compactação dos solos com ênfase no Semiárido. Revista Trópica. v. 5, n. 3, p. 3-15, 2011. dx.doi.org/10.0000/rtcab.v5i3.272.
PEIXOTO, D. S. et al. Diagnosing, ameliorating, and monitoring soil compaction in no‐till Brazilian soils. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. v. 2, p. 1-14, 2019. doi.org/10.2134/age2018.09.0035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/age2018.09.0035
PERALTA, G.; ALVAREZ, C. R.; TABOADA, M. A. Soil compaction alleviation by deep non-inversion tillage and crop yield responses in no tilled soils of the Pampas region of Argentina. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 211, p. 105022, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105022
QUEIROZ-VOLTAN, R. G.; NOGUEIRA, S. S. S.; MIRANDA, M. A. C. Aspectos da estrutura da raiz e do desenvolvimento de plantas de soja em solos compactados. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 35, n. 5, p. 929-938, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2000000500010
RAMADHAN, M. N. Yield and yield components of maize and soil physical properties as affected by tillage practices and organic mulching. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. v. 28, n. 12, p. 7152-7159, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.005
REICHERT, J. M. et al. Reference bulk density and critical degreeof-compactness for no-till crop production in subtropical highly weathered soils. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 102, n. 2, p. 242-254, 2009. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.002
SANCHEZ, E., Propriedades físicas do solo e produtividade de soja em sucessão a plantas de cobertura de inverno. 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava. 2012.
SAS, II. Guia Empresarial SAS. 2013
SARAIVA, C. R. C. et al. Considerações no Uso de Reguladores de Crescimento para Aumento da Produtividade e Qualidade de Sementes de Soja. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado, v. 17, n. 2, p. 01-21, 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v17i2.5536
SASAL, M. C. Platy structure development under no-tillage in the northern humid Pampas of Argentina and its impact on runoff. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 173, p. 33-41, 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.014
SCHJØNNING, P. et al. Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Analysis and Risk Assessment for Soil Compaction-A European Perspective. Advances in Agronomy, v. 133, 183-237, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2015.06.001
SIVARAJAN, S. et al. Impact of soil compaction due to wheel traffic on corn and soybean growth, development and yield. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 175, p. 234-243, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.001
SOUZA, A. P. et al. Climate classification and climatic water balance in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Nativa, v. 1, n. 1, p. 34-43, 2013. dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v01n01a07.
STOLF, R. et al. Penetrômetro de impacto Stolf - programa computacional de dados em EXCEL-VBA. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 38, n. 3, p. 774-782, 2014. doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832014000300009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832014000300009
TORMENA, C. A.; FIDALSKI, J.; ROSSI JUNIOR, W. Resistência tênsil e friabilidade de um latossolo sob diferentes sistemas de uso. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. v. 32, n. 1, p. 33-42, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832008000100004
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA). Grain: World Markets and Trade, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/oilseeds-world-markets-and-trade. Acesso em: 07 fev. 2026.
VIANA, J. H. M.; CRUZ, J. C.; ALVARENGA, R. C. Cultivo do Milho. Embrapa - 5 ª ed. 2009. Disponível em <http://www.cnpms.embrapa.br/publicacoes/milho_5_ed/manpreparo.htm>.
WU, G. Effects of long-term no-tillage with different residue application rates on soil nitrogen cycling. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 212, p. 105044, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105044
YUE, L. et al. Impacts of soil compaction and historical soybean variety growth on soil macropore structure. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 214, p. 105166, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105166
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Welyton Moreno Gomes, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves Lima, Roberto Antonio Savelli Martinez, Adalberto Santi, Rivanildo Dallacort, Edilson Aranda de Oliveira, Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhães
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
