MICROSPHERES BASED ON SODIUM ALGINATE AND NANOCELLULOSE LOADED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE FOR BONE REPAIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/14vy4n63Keywords:
apatite; biomaterials; biopolymers; bacterial cellulose; bone regeneration.Abstract
The development of injectable biomaterials for bone regeneration has emerged as a less invasive alternative to conventional grafts and implants. In this study, microspheres based on sodium alginate and bacterial cellulose nanofibers loaded with hydroxyapatite were developed using the ionotropic gelation method. The formulations were produced with 10, 20, and 30% (w/w) hydroxyapatite relative to the polymeric matrix. The microparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, shape descriptors (circularity, roundness, and aspect ratio), swelling degree, and cytocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed predominantly spherical microspheres with a rough surface morphology. Circularity values were close to 1.0, indicating good geometric uniformity, particularly for the formulation containing 20% hydroxyapatite. A high water absorption capacity was observed, with percentages exceeding 2000% within the first hours and reaching approximately 7000% after 24 hours, although structural rupture of the particles occurred after prolonged immersion. Cell viability assays (MTT) demonstrated cytocompatibility above 70% for all formulations, in accordance with ISO 10993-5, with increased viability observed as the mineral fraction increased. The results indicate that the developed microspheres show promising potential for applications in bone regeneration; however, further studies are required to optimize structural stability and to evaluate performance in more complex biological models.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rennzo Rodrigues Diedrichs, Larissa Quintela Silva Nakano, Carla Cristina da Silva, Luana Priscilla Rodrigues Macêdo, Dra. Sabrina Paiva, Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo Luz, Ricardo Barbosa de Sousa, Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho
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