ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY AND DYSBIOSIS AS RISK FACTORS FOR NEPHROLITHYSE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/kzcpzb34Keywords:
Nefrolitíase, Antibacterianos, Microbioma Gastrointestinal, Oxalato de Cálcio, Fatores de RiscoAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Nephrolithiasis is the accumulation of calculi or stones along the upper urinary tract, specifically in the renal region, which are formedfrom a complex metabolism involving the formation of minerals and salts crystallized in the urine, and among these compounds is calcium oxalate. Recent research has shown a direct association between the dysregulation of the composition and functioning ofthe intestinal bacterial microbiotadue to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze how irregular antimicrobial use can affect the intestinal microbiota and the correlation of these factors with the risk of developing kidney stones,exploring the antimicrobial-dysbiosis-oxalate-nephrolithiasis axis. METHODOLOGY: This is a integrativeliterature review of articles published between 2015 and 2024 in the SCIELO, PUBMED, and LILACS databases. Combined descriptors in Portuguese and English were used, such as ("Nephrolithiasis") AND ("Antibacterials") AND ("Gastrointestinal Microbiome") AND ("Calcium Oxalate") AND ("Risk Factors"). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Sixteen studies were selected for the research. It was observed that the unregulated use of antimicrobials has several consequences for the composition and functioning of healthy intestinal microbiota, given its predominantly bacterial composition. The elimination of beneficial species explains the pathophysiology of diseases such as nephrolithiasis, since the decrease in the population of Oxalobacter formigenes, the main oxalate degrader, causes the accumulation of this salt in the urine and the formation of mineral crystals, which consequently increase the risk of stone formation. CONCLUSION: The results of this reviewmay contribute to the development of health education themes that promote strategies for the management and prevention of kidney stones based on the risk factors analyzed, encouraging the rational use of antimicrobials insideand outside the offices and the adoption of habits that favor the patient's intestinal and kidney health.
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