Advances in Pineapple Genetic Breeding: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/wzkqv236Keywords:
Ananas comosus, Biotechnology, FusariosisAbstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) production plays a vital socioeconomic role in Brazil. Predominantly structured around family farming, the crop faces phytosanitary and agronomic challenges that limit its productivity, such as the incidence of fusariosis and low genetic variability resulting from vegetative propagation. The objective of this study was to review the progress and obstacles in pineapple genetic breeding, focusing on disease resistance, fruit quality, and environmental adaptation. The methodology consisted of a literature review covering botanical aspects, production systems, and biotechnological innovations. The results highlight that breeding programs, led by institutions such as EMBRAPA, have succeeded in developing resistant hybrids, such as the ‘BRS Imperial’ and ‘BRS Vitória’ cultivars. Furthermore, the application of moleculares tools (SSR, ISSR, and DArTseq markers) and the sequencing of the reference genome have accelerated the identification of genes of interest and assisted selection. Biotechnology techniques, including micropropagation, cryopreservation, and genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, are essential strategies for germplasm conservation and the production of healthy seedlings. It is concluded that the strengthening of tropical pineapple cultivation depends on the continuous integration between conventional breeding and advanced genomic tools. Such synergy is fundamental to ensuring production sustainability, resilience to climate change, and the development of cultivars that meet the quality requirements of both domestic and international markets.
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