Aeromonas spp. EN PECES DE CULTIVO EN BRASIL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/9r6ham53Palabras clave:
Colossoma macropomum; enfermedades; piscicultura; salud; tilapia.Resumen
El género Aeromonas comprende más de 30 especies de bacterias ampliamente distribuidas en ambientes acuáticos y frecuentemente asociadas a infecciones oportunistas en organismos acuáticos, especialmente en peces de cultivo. En sistemas de acuicultura, estas bacterias pueden causar septicemia, altas tasas de mortalidad y pérdidas económicas, además de representar un riesgo potencial para la salud pública. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre la presencia de Aeromonas spp. en peces de cultivo en Brasil entre 2012 y 2022. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, CAPES Journals, SciELO y PubMed, utilizando los descriptores en inglés "Aeromonas", "aquaculture", "diseases", "fish" y "Brazil", combinados con el operador booleano "AND", según las especificidades de cada base de datos. De los 151 estudios identificados, 10 artículos cumplieron con los criterios establecidos y se incluyeron en el análisis final. Las especies Aeromonas bestiarum, A. caviae, A. dhakensis, A. jandaei, A. hydrophila y A. veronii se identificaron en cinco especies de peces de cultivo: tambaqui, jundiá, pacu, tilapia y surubim híbrido, en los estados de Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul y São Paulo. Los aislados presentaron perfiles de virulencia variados y resistencia a distintos antibióticos. Todas las especies de Aeromonas se aislaron en tambaqui, 80% en tilapia, 60% en pacu y 20% en jundiá y surubim híbrido. Además, se reportaron aislados del género Aeromonas sin identificación de especie en tambaqui y jundiá. Los resultados resaltan la escasez de estudios sobre Aeromonas spp. en peces de cultivo en Brasil, lo que evidencia un vacío científico relevante, especialmente ante el crecimiento de la piscicultura nacional y el surgimiento de este género bacteriano como patógeno de importancia sanitaria.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Clarita Silveira Reis, Joemille Silva dos Santos , Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
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