PREVALENCIA, PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDAD A LOS ANTIMICROBIANOS Y EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE BACTERIAS PRODUCTORAS DE BETALACTAMASAS DE ESPECTRO EXTENDIDO (ESBL) EN INFECCIONES DEL TRACTO URINARIO EN UN HOSPITAL TERCIARIO BRASILEÑO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/52x15240Palabras clave:
Beta-Lactamasas, Escherichia coli, resistencia Bacteriana Múltiple, Infecciones UrinariasResumen
La prevalencia de las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) causadas por Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (ESBL) está aumentando en todo el mundo. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los registros médicos de pacientes con ITU ingresados en un hospital universitario terciario general en Brasil, durante un período de un año (2022–2023). Entre 1.193 episodios de ITU, 179 (15%) fueron causados por ESBL. No se observó una diferencia significativa entre los sexos en los casos de ITU causadas por ESBL, y la edad media de los pacientes fue de 55 años (rango: 1–102 años). La mayoría de las bacterias productoras de ESBL (70%) se aislaron de pacientes hospitalizados, con una duración promedio de hospitalización de 27,5 días. Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae fueron las especies productoras de ESBL predominantes. Más del 99% de los aislamientos de ESBL mostraron resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera y cuarta generación y al aztreonam, mientras que se observó sensibilidad a la amikacina y a la polimixina B en la mayoría de las cepas bacterianas, siendo los carbapenémicos los fármacos más eficaces. Comprender los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana en cepas productoras de ESBL asociadas con las ITU es fundamental para orientar la terapia antimicrobiana empírica. La implementación inmediata de medidas de control de infecciones y el uso racional de antibióticos son esenciales para prevenir el desarrollo y la diseminación de bacterias productoras de ESBL.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Aline Dias Paiva, Julia Camargo Kabariti, Beatriz Aparecida Ferreira, Isabela Sguilla Rotta, Fernanda Machado Fonseca, Rodrigo Juliano Molina
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