ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS FISIOLÓGICOS A LOS QUE ESTÁN SUJETOS LOS BOMBEROS MILITARES EN OPERACIONES DE INCENDIOS EN ENTORNOS CONFINADOS
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https://doi.org/10.66104/zhhdkn07Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento, estrés térmico, consumo de aireResumen
Las operaciones de combate contra incendios en entornos confinados imponen elevadas demandas fisiológicas a los bomberos militares, constituyendo un riesgo significativo para su integridad física. Este estudio analizó los efectos fisiológicos en 121 bomberos militares durante una exposición controlada en un simulador de desarrollo de incendio (SDI). Se evaluaron parámetros pre y post-exposición: presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, saturación de oxígeno, consumo de aire comprimido y pérdida hídrica, utilizando un análisis de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados revelaron una correlación positiva fuerte (r = 0,82; p < 0,001) entre las variaciones de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica; una correlación moderada a fuerte (r = 0,67; p < 0,01) entre la frecuencia cardíaca y el consumo de aire; y una correlación negativa fuerte (r = -0,78; p < 0,001) entre la saturación de oxígeno y el consumo de aire. La pérdida hídrica media fue de -1,00 kg (± 0,40 kg) en los cuartiles más jóvenes, con un menor déficit (-0,86 kg) en el cuartil más viejo. Se concluye que el consumo de aire comprimido emerge como un marcador sensible de la carga fisiológica, superando variables aisladas, recomendándose la implementación de protocolos de hidratación individualizados y el monitoreo del consumo de aire como estrategias operativas preventivas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Marcos Antonio da Silva, Wagner da Silva Moreira, Marcos Gorri de Oliveira, Vanessa Berto Gonçalves, Luciano Ferreira, Prof. Dr. Hudson Souza
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