ADSORCIÓN DE HERBICIDA COMERCIAL 2,4-DICLOROFENOXIACÉTICO (2,4-D) POR CARBÓN ACTIVADO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/3j6t4564Palabras clave:
Contaminante emergente; herbicida; cinética de adsorción, isotermias; Tratamiento de agua.Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la aplicabilidad y la eficiencia del carbón activado comercial en la remoción del herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), considerado un contaminante emergente de preocupación ambiental, principalmente en sistemas acuosos. El estudio experimental se llevó a cabo con el fin de comprender la influencia de parámetros operacionales como el pH y la concentración inicial del contaminante en la capacidad de adsorción del material. Para complementar los análisis, el carbón activado fue caracterizado mediante las técnicas de Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM), las cuales permitieron identificar los principales grupos funcionales y observar la morfología del carbón. Los resultados demostraron que el pH 8,0 fue el más favorable para el proceso, resultando en la mayor capacidad de adsorción (q = 84,56 mg g⁻¹). La cinética de adsorción se ajustó mejor al modelo de pseudo-segundo orden, sugiriendo el predominio de mecanismos químicos en la interacción entre adsorbato y adsorbente. El equilibrio fue descrito por la isoterma de Langmuir, indicando la formación de una monocapa homogénea sobre la superficie del carbón activado. Finalmente, el carbón comercial presentó alta eficiencia en la remoción de 2,4-D, mostrando su potencial para su aplicación en sistemas de tratamiento de agua y efluentes contaminados por contaminantes orgánicos.
Descargas
Referencias
Adam, O. E.-A. A.; Al-Shammari, A. S. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Balanites aegyptiaca seed shell for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide from aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, v. 315, p. 314–326, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.30138
Barbosa, M. C.; Zuniga, A. D. G. Análise do ponto de carga zero e espectroscopia de infravermelho de um carvão ativado proveniente de bagaço de malte. Research, Society and Development, v. 13, n. 8, e13113846706, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i8.46706
Bhattarai, D. P.; Aryal, S.; Shrestha, K. R.; Mishra, P. K.; Shrestha, T.; Homagai, P. L.; Oli, H. B.; Shrestha, R. L. Study of the electrochemical performance of Zanthoxylum armatum seed-derived potassium hydroxide-assisted activated carbon as a negatrode material for supercapacitor applications. Materials Advances, v. 6, p. 1635–1646, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00980K
BRASIL. Portaria GM/MS N° 888/2021, de 4 de maio de 2021. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, 7 mai. 2021, Seção 1, n. 85, p. 127.
Divya, M. P.; Krishnamoorthi, S.; Ravi, R.; Jenner, V. G.; Baranidharan, K.; Raveendran, M.; Hemalatha, P. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from commercially important bamboo species in north eastern India. Advances in Bamboo Science, v. 11, 100148, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100148
Do Nascimento, K. K. R.; Vieira, F. F.; Xavier, C. S. F.; Almeida, M. M.; Oliveira, I. V. C.; Bandeira, A. de A. S.; Neta, O. P. L. Remoção de glifosato em carvão ativado: planejamento fatorial para otimização de parâmetros. Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales, v. 16, n. 12, p. 32050–32064, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.16n.12-178
Fischer, H. C. V.; Lima, L. S.; Felsner, M. L.; Quinaia, S. P. Estudo da capacidade de adsorção de carvões ativados comerciais versus tempo de armazenamento. Ciencia Florestal, v. 29, n. 3, p. 1090–1099, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509838092
France, H. E.; Strong, O. L. K.; Roy, T. M.; Vreugdenhil, A. J. Versatile waste wood-chitosan composites for 2,4-D and paraquat adsorption: Isotherm modelling and thermodynamic evaluation. Chemosphere, v. 370, 144008, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144008
FREUNDLICH, H. Kolloidfiillung und Adsorption. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie, v. 20, n. 18, p. 749–750, 1907. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19070201805
Gurav, R.; Mandal, S.; Smith, L. M.; Shi, S. Q.; Hwang, S. The potential of self-activated carbon for adsorptive removal of toxic phenoxyacetic acid herbicide from water. Chemosphere, v. 339, 139715, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139715
Kodali, J.; Arunraj, B.; Sathvika, T.; Krishna Kumar, A. S.; Nagarathnam, R. Prospective application of diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-cellulose) with a high adsorption capacity toward the detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from water. RSC Advances, v. 11, p. 22640–22651, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA03037J
Kuśmierek, K.; Dąbek, L.; Świątkowski, A. The influence of the shape and grain size of commercial activated carbons on their sorption efficiency towards organic water pollutants. Desalination and Water Treatment, v. 321, 100996, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2025.100996
LANGMUIR, I. The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica and Platinum. Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 40, n. 9, p. 1361–1403, 1918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004
Li, X.; Huang, Y.; Liang, X.; Huang, L.; Wei, L.; Zheng, X.; Albert, H. A.; Huang, Q.; Liu, Z.; Li, Z. Characterization of biochars from woody agricultural wastes and sorption behavior comparison of cadmium and atrazine. Biochar, v. 4, n. 27, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-022-00132-7
Mafra, E. R. M. L.; Protásio, T. P.; Pedroza, M. M.; Barbosa, D. B.; Viana, M. F.; Souza, T. M.; Bufalino, L. Comparative analysis of seed biomass from Amazonian fruits for activated carbon production. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, v. 57, n. 11, p. 1106-1117, 2022.
Quach An, B.; Hong-Hai, N. (2020). Investigation the isotherm and kinetics of adsorption mechanism of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on corn cob biochar. Bioresource Technology Reports, 11(100520), 100520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100520
Rashda; Aryee, A. A.; Kailu, D.; Kiran, S.; Li, Z.; Han, R. Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-chlorophenol using bio-based activated carbon: Thermodynamics, kinetics and cytotoxicity evaluation. Environmental Functional Materials, v. 3, p. 46–58. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2024.09.002
Regalbuto, J. R.; Robles, J. The engineering of Pt/Carbon Catalyst Preparation. University of Illinois at Chicago. 2004.
Reza, M.; Ridho, M. Z.; Wahyuni, F. M.; Haryati, T.; Piluharto, B.; Rahmawati, I. Further insight into the adsorption mechanism of lead(ii) ion on anionic surfactant-modified activated carbon. Next Materials, v. 9, 101061, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101061
Saadi, A. S.; Bousba, S., Riah, A.; Belghit, M.; Belkhalfa, B.; Barour, H. Efficient synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from oak pericarp for enhanced dye adsorption: A one-step approach. Desalination and Water Treatment, v. 319, 100420, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100420
Sobral, I. S. Produção e aplicação de carvão ativado e carvão ativado funcionalizado do Cocos nucifera associado a Pseudomonas aeruginosa em diferentes tratamentos de águas residuais. Tese de doutorado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2024.
Samanth, A.; Chandrasekar, R.; Vinayagam, R.; Selvaraj, R. Density functional theory insights into the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by mesoporous biochar. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, v. 54, p. 20–28, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2025.07.004
Selvaraj, R.; Iyer, R. V.; Murugesan, G.; Goveas, L. C.; Varadavenkatesan, T.; Samanth, A.; Vinayagam, R. Modeling 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid adsorption on candle bush pod-derived activated carbon: Insights from advanced statistical physics models. Journal of Water Process Engineering, v. 66, 106027, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106027
Shewatatek, S.; Gonfa, G.; Hailegiorgis, S. M.; Tessema, B. Response surface optimization of chromium (IV) removal with teff straw-based activated carbon. Results in Chemistry, v. 15, 102168, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102168
Terzyk, A. P. The influence of activated carbon surface chemical composition on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in vitro. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 177, p. 23–45. 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00594-X
Vinayagam, R.; Nagendran, V.; Goveas, L. C.; Narasimhan, M. K.; Varadavenkatesan, T.; Samanth, A.; Selvaraj, R. Machine learning, conventional and statistical physics modeling of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal using biochar prepared from Vateria indica fruit biomass. Chemosphere, v. 350, 141130, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141130
Vinayagam, R.; Jogi, S.; Murugesan, G.; Goveas, L. C.; Varadavenkatesan, T.; Samanth, A.; Selvaraj, R. Mesoporous carbon from Vateria indica fruit for efficient 2,4-D herbicide removal: Mechanistic insights from double-layer statistical physics modelling and regeneration studies. Diamond and Related Materials, v. 154, 112149, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112149
Wang, T.; Jiang, M.; Yu, X.; Niu, N.; Chen, L. Application of lignin adsorbent in wastewater Treatment: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, v. 302, 122116, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122116
Zaaboul, F.; Kaichouh, G.; Haoufazane, C.; Abuelizz, H. A.; Karrouchi, K.; Zarrouk, A.; El Hourch, A. Adsorption of reactive blue day 49 from aqueous solution on commercial activated carbon and polyaniline electrochemically deposited on carbon felt: Kinetic modeling and equilibrium isotherm analysis. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, v. 19, 100713, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100713
Zanella, O. Sorção de nitrato em carvão ativado tratado com CaCl2: estudo de ciclos de sorção/regeneração. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia uímica), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Sálua Helito Abumanssur, Schaline Winck Alberti, Edson Antonio da Silva, Plínio Ribeiro Fajardo Campos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
