RENDIMIENTO FUNCIONAL Y CARDIORRESPIRATORIO ENTRE MUJERES MAYORES ACTIVAS Y NO SEDENTARIAS MEDIANTE LA PRUEBA DE MARCHA ESTACIONARIA DE DOS MINUTOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/b7a18s58Palabras clave:
Senescencia; Síndrome de Fragilidad; Prevención Terciaria; Capacidad Funcional; Composición Corporal.Resumen
Introducción: Ante la tendencia mundial de envejecimiento poblacional y su impacto en el declive funcional, el Test de Marcha Estacionaria de Dos Minutos (TME2M) surge como una herramienta válida y práctica para evaluar la aptitud física de mujeres mayores. Objetivo: Comparar el desempeño funcional y la respuesta cardiorrespiratoria y metabólica inducidas por el TME2M entre mujeres mayores sedentarias y activas en un programa público de actividad física. Material y Método: Estudio transversal con 60 mujeres (60-80 años), divididas en Grupo Activo (GA; n=30, practicantes regulares de actividad física) y Grupo Control (GC; n=30, sedentarias), sin limitaciones funcionales. Se evaluaron parámetros antropométricos y fisiológicos en reposo, durante y post-ejercicio. La respuesta cardiorrespiratoria y el consumo de oxígeno (VO2) fueron monitoreados con un analizador de gases VO2000 durante el TME2M y en la recuperación post-ejercicio. Resultados: En reposo, el GA presentó ventilación minuto (VE) significativamente menor (p=0,016) que el GC. Durante el TME2M, el GA superó al GC en todos los parámetros de rendimiento: 24% más elevaciones (92,6 vs. 74,7; p<0,001); VO2 30% superior (12,65 vs. 9,70 mlO₂/kg/min; p<0,001); y menor percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (4,4 vs. 5,7; p=0,012). En la recuperación, el GA obtuvo una recuperación del VO2 más rápida (-68,5% vs. -62,5%; p=0,002). Utilizando datos de composición corporal obtenidos por bioimpedancia, fue posible crear ecuaciones que explican el 79% de las variaciones en el VO2 y el 73% de las variaciones en el TME2M. Conclusión: Las mujeres mayores físicamente activas presentan mejor rendimiento funcional y metabólico en comparación con las mujeres mayores sedentarias. La actividad física regular amplía la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores, con menor costo fisiológico, lo que refuerza la necesidad de programas públicos para el envejecimiento activo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Daniel Joppert, Sara Lucia Silveira de Menezes, Bernardo Brutt Joppert, Marilia Salete Tavares, Fernanda de Moraes Brum, Emanuel Davi Farias Ribeiro, Fernando Silva dos Santos, Paulo Henrique de Moura, Adalgiza Mafra Moreno
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