PROTECCIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE LOS REFUGIADOS AMBIENTALES: LA AUSENCIA DE UN ESTATUTO JURÍDICO PARA LAS PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS POR DESASTRES NATURALES
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https://doi.org/10.66104/07n1wy09Palabras clave:
Refugiados ambientales; Derecho Internacional; Desplazamiento forzado; Desastres naturales; Protección internacional.Resumen
Este artículo analiza la falta de reconocimiento jurídico de los denominados refugiados ambientales en el ámbito del Derecho Internacional, con especial atención a los desplazamientos humanos provocados por desastres naturales. Parte del concepto clásico de refugiado establecido por la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, destacando la centralidad del requisito de persecución como elemento delimitador del régimen de protección y, al mismo tiempo, como factor de exclusión para las personas afectadas por causas ambientales. El estudio examina el aumento de los desplazamientos forzados vinculados a eventos naturales extremos y la insuficiencia de las categorías jurídicas tradicionales para abordar estas situaciones. En este contexto, se discute la inexistencia de un estatuto jurídico específico y los límites de los instrumentos internacionales vigentes, que no garantizan una protección efectiva para estos individuos. Asimismo, se analiza la responsabilidad estatal en situaciones de desastres naturales, con énfasis en el caso Budayeva and Others v. Russia, que reconoce deberes estatales en el ámbito de los derechos humanos, sin resolver la clasificación jurídica de los desplazados ambientales. A partir de un enfoque crítico-analítico, se sostiene que esta laguna deriva de limitaciones estructurales del sistema internacional, tales como la soberanía estatal, la indeterminación conceptual y la fragmentación normativa, lo que evidencia la necesidad de un desarrollo normativo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Antônio Ferreira do Norte Filho, Marco Antônio Ribeiro Frota Moreira, Lucy Paes Barreto Affonso, Yasmin Carneiro Guimarães da Silva

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