FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA PÉRDIDA DE APETITO EN PERSONAS MAYORES EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD: RELACIÓN CON EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y LAS CONDICIONES SOCIOECONÓMICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/00xynx36Palabras clave:
Apetito, Envejecimiento, Estado Nutricional, Factores Socioeconómicos, Atención Primaria de SaludResumen
Introducción: La pérdida de apetito en personas mayores es un síndrome geriátrico prevalente y multifactorial, asociado a los cambios del envejecimiento y a factores biopsicosociales, que puede impactar el estado nutricional y la autonomía. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre el apetito y variables socioeconómicas, clínicas y nutricionales en personas de 60 años o más atendidas en la Atención Primaria de Salud en el noreste de Brasil. Metodología: Estudio transversal, observacional y exploratorio, con 96 personas mayores (≥60 años), de ambos sexos, atendidas en una Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud en el noreste de Brasil. La pérdida de apetito fue evaluada mediante el Cuestionario Nutricional Simplificado del Apetito. Se recolectaron datos sobre factores asociados, incluyendo indicadores antropométricos, fuerza muscular e instrumentos para evaluar condiciones de salud, síntomas depresivos y desempeño físico. Las asociaciones fueron analizadas mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial, utilizando las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05), en el software R. Resultados: La prevalencia de pérdida de apetito fue del 19,8%. Se observaron asociaciones con variables nutricionales: el 73,8% presentaba bajo peso o eutrofia (p=0,029), el 47,4% presentaba riesgo nutricional o desnutrición según la MNA (p=0,027), y el 52,6% tenía circunferencia de la pantorrilla reducida (p=0,025). También se encontró asociación con la clase social (p=0,035), indicando mayor probabilidad entre individuos económicamente vulnerables. Conclusión: La pérdida de apetito en personas mayores está asociada con indicadores nutricionales y de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, contribuyendo a la comprensión de los factores relacionados con el apetito en la Atención Primaria de Salud.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nívea Regina Silva de Lima, Erika Valeska da Costa Alves, Dominique Hellen Silva da Costa, Allisson Deyvson de Lima Pereira, Savana Nunes Duarte, Pedro Manoel Araújo de Santana, Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales Coriolano, Coeli Regina Carneiro Ximenes
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