A EMERGÊNCIA CLIMÁTICA COMO VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS DECISÕES RECENTES DO COMITÊ DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA ONU
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https://doi.org/10.66104/jkyvdf85Palabras clave:
Climate emergency; Human Rights; UN Human Rights Committee; Right to life; International State responsibility.Resumen
O presente artigo analisa a emergência climática sob a perspectiva do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, examinando sua caracterização como fator de violação de direitos fundamentais, com ênfase nas decisões recentes do Comitê de Direitos Humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas. As mudanças climáticas, ao intensificarem eventos extremos, degradarem ecossistemas essenciais e agravarem desigualdades estruturais, afetam diretamente direitos como a vida, a dignidade humana, a saúde, a moradia e a autodeterminação dos povos, impondo desafios inéditos à responsabilidade estatal no plano internacional. A pesquisa adota abordagem qualitativa, de natureza jurídico-dogmática, baseada na análise de comunicações individuais, observações gerais e instrumentos normativos internacionais, com destaque para o Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos. Demonstra-se que o Comitê tem promovido uma interpretação evolutiva do direito à vida, reconhecendo que riscos climáticos graves, previsíveis e evitáveis podem configurar violações de direitos humanos, a depender da análise de fatores jurídicos relevantes no caso concreto. Por fim, discutem-se os avanços, limites e desafios dessa construção jurisprudencial, especialmente no que se refere à causalidade, à territorialidade e à efetividade das decisões no enfrentamento da emergência climática global, bem como se analisam as perspectivas para o fortalecimento da proteção internacional dos direitos humanos frente à emergência climática.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Eduarda Victoria da Costa Pereira, Yasmin Carneiro Guimarães da Silva, Adriana Moutinho Magalhães Iannuzzi

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