Restrictions on early election campaigning in legislation, the Electoral Code, and the jurisprudence of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/5rpzjm88Keywords:
campanha antecipada; Código Eleitoral; pré-campanha; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral; liberdade de expressão.Abstract
This article examines the limitations on early electoral advertising within the Brazilian legal framework, considering normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential aspects. The analysis is based on Law No. 9.504/1997 and the Electoral Code (Law No. 4.737/1965), with emphasis on the changes introduced by Law No. 13.165/2015, which expanded the legal scope of the pre-campaign phase. It also investigates the evolution of the interpretation of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), particularly regarding the consolidation of the explicit request for votes as the central criterion for characterizing unlawful early electoral advertising. This shift reflects a transition from a restrictive model to a more permissive one, focused on protecting political freedom of expression and strengthening democratic debate. In this context, certain political manifestations are permitted, such as the promotion of pre-candidacies, presentation of ideas, and emphasis on personal qualities, provided there is no direct request for votes or use of prohibited means. Nevertheless, legal uncertainty persists, especially due to the need for contextual analysis of specific cases and the challenges posed by new communication technologies, such as social media and political content boosting. The jurisprudence of the Superior Electoral Court is essential in defining the boundaries of early electoral advertising, balancing freedom of expression, equality of electoral opportunities, and the integrity of the electoral process.
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References
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