WASTE BURNING, HEALTH, AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE: LIMITS OF PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN A SOCIOENVIRONMENTALLY VULNERABLE AREA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/3cn6pc48Keywords:
Air pollution, Environmental health, Socio-environmental vulnerability, Solid waste, Public policies, Waste burningAbstract
Air pollution resulting from the burning of solid waste in open dumps constitutes a significant public health issue, particularly in contexts marked by socio-environmental vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the impacts of exposure to smoke from waste burning on the health of populations living in surrounding areas, as well as to evaluate the role of public institutions in addressing this problem. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach supported by quantitative descriptive data, conducted in the municipality of Itacoatiara. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured questionnaires applied to residents of the affected area, as well as to representatives of the Primary Health Care Unit and the Municipal Department of Environment, allowing for data triangulation. The results indicate frequent exposure to smoke, a significant presence of respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and eye irritation, as well as direct impacts on residents' daily lives. A low demand for healthcare services and a lack or limitation of educational actions perceived by the population were observed. In contrast, institutions reported the implementation of guidance and control measures, revealing a discrepancy between institutional discourse and community experience. The analysis indicates that the problem is not limited to the presence of the dump but is also associated with weaknesses in the territorial implementation of public policies, low institutional outreach, and limited intersectoral coordination. It is concluded that exposure to smoke represents both an environmental and institutional risk, requiring integrated strategies that connect health, environmental management, and waste governance, with emphasis on health education, continuous monitoring, and the effectiveness of public policies in vulnerable contexts.
Downloads
References
AGUIAR, Rafael et al. Intersetorialidade e políticas públicas em saúde: desafios na implementação territorial. Saúde e Sociedade, São Paulo, 2025.
ARAÚJO, José Patrício de et al. Educação em saúde na atenção primária: práticas e desafios contemporâneos. Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, 2025.
BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.
BRASIL. Lei nº 11.445, de 5 de janeiro de 2007. Estabelece diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento básico. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2007.
BRASIL. Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010. Institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2010.
BRASIL. Lei nº 14.026, de 15 de julho de 2020. Atualiza o marco legal do saneamento básico. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2020.
BRASIL. Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990. Dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 1990.
BULLARD, Robert D. Dumping in Dixie: race, class, and environmental quality. 3. ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000.
BURNETT, Richard T. et al. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Washington, DC, v. 115, n. 38, p. 9592-9597, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803222115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.S02.04.33
CRESWELL, John W. Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. 4. ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2014.
DENZIN, Norman K. The research act: a theoretical introduction to sociological methods. 3. ed. New York: Routledge, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543-1
FITTIPALDI, André Luiz et al. Educação em saúde na atenção primária: desafios e perspectivas no contexto brasileiro. Saúde em Debate, Rio de Janeiro, v. 47, n. 137, p. 123–135, 2023.
GIL, Antônio Carlos. Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa social. 6. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2008.
KODROS, John K. et al. Global burden of mortalities due to chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 from open combustion of domestic waste. Environmental Research Letters, Bristol, v. 15, n. 12, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abae1e.
LANDRIGAN, Philip J. et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, v. 391, n. 10119, p. 462–512, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0
MARQUES, Eliakim. Lixão a céu aberto [Imagem]. Itacoatiara, 02 ago. 2024. Facebook: Eliakim Marques. Disponível em: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
MARTINEZ-ALIER, Joan. The environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843765486
MENDONÇA, Maria H. M. de et al. Atenção primária à saúde no Brasil: conceitos, práticas e desafios. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v. 26, n. 2, p. 487–498, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021262.40932020
NUTBEAM, Don. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International, Oxford, v. 15, n. 3, p. 259–267, 2000. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
SABATIER, Paul A.; WEIBLE, Christopher M. The advocacy coalition framework: innovations and clarifications. In: SABATIER, Paul A.; WEIBLE, Christopher M. (org.). Theories of the policy process. 3. ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 2014. p. 189–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274689-7
SCHRAUFNAGEL, Dean E. et al. Air pollution and noncommunicable diseases: a review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 1: the damaging effects of air pollution. Chest, Chicago, v. 155, n. 2, p. 409-416, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
SOLAR, Orielle; IRWIN, Alec. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
WIEDINMYER, Christine et al. Global emissions of trace gases, particulate matter, and hazardous air pollutants from open burning of domestic waste. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, n. 16, p. 9523–9530, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es502250z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es502250z
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO, 2021.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Evely Laranjeira Marques , Katarina Cordovil de Nazaré , Thayanny Nunes de Oliveira Leite , Yana Gomes Inhuma, Eliakim Marques Serrão, Rute Holanda Lopes , Rodrigo Couto Alves, Andrey Luis Bruyns de Sousa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
