THROMBOEMBOLIC RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/tqyvzh73Keywords:
venous thrombosis, hormonal contraceptives, progestin, estrogen, risksAbstract
Hormonal contraceptives have been widely used in Brazil since the 1960s and are effective in contraception and in treating various conditions, such as dysmenorrhea and acne. However, their use is associated with the risk of thromboembolic events, such as Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), due to the action of hormones (progesterone and estrogen) on blood clotting. In addition to hormonal contraceptives, factors that influence this risk include genetic predisposition, obesity, smoking, and age. This work is an integrative literature review. Data collection was carried out through the selection of scientific articles published between 2019 and November 2025, in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using descriptors extracted from DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences), based on the keywords: Venous Thrombosis; Hormonal Contraceptives; risks. After applying the previously established inclusion criteria, 8 articles were selected for use in the analysis and discussion of this work. The results indicate that the use of combined hormonal contraceptives is associated with a significant increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism, especially in women with predisposing factors. Among the different types of progestogens, some have a higher thrombogenic potential, such as desogestrel and drospirenone, as do estrogens at higher doses. It is concluded that, although effective in contraception, these medications require individualized evaluation. Therefore, this study aims to provide support for healthcare professionals and women in choosing safe contraceptive methods, balancing contraceptive efficacy and the reduction of cardiovascular risks.
Downloads
References
ABOU-ISMAIL, Mouhamed Yazan; SRIDHAR, Divyaswathi Citla; NAYAK, Lalitha. Estrogênio e trombose: uma revisão da bancada à beira do leito. Pesquisa em trombose , v. 192, p. 40-51, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.008
ALSHEEF, Mohammed et al. Combined oral contraceptives and vascular thrombosis: a single-center experience. Cureus, v. 14, n. 6, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25865
BARCELLONA, Doris; MARONGIU, Francesco; GRANDONE, Elvira. Contraceptives and thrombosis: an intertwined revolutionary road. In: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2024. p. 091-095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764382
BARCELLONA, Doris; GRANDONE, Elvira; MARONGIU, Francesco. Hormones and thrombosis: the dark side of the moon. Blood Transfusion, v. 22, n. 1, p. 46, 2023.
BARROS, Venina Isabel Poço Viana Leme de et al. Use of hormones and risk of venous thromboembolism. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, v. 46, p. e-FPS02, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61622/rbgo/2024FPS02
BLACK, Kirsten I.; VROMMAN, Maxime; FRENCH, Rebecca S. Common myths and misconceptions surrounding hormonal contraception. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, p. 102573, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102573
FONSECA JUNIOR, Alexandre Agustavo et al. Trombose venosa profunda: aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e manejo terapêutico. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 9, n. 05, p. 15041-15052, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n5-039
GENAZZANI, Andrea R. et al. Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice. Gynecological Endocrinology, v. 39, n. 1, p. 2247093, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2023.2247093
GONDIM, Ana Caroline Santos; ALMEIDA, Camila Santos Alves de; PASSOS, Marco Aurélio Ninomia. Influência do anticoncepcional hormonal oral no surgimento da trombose venosa profunda. REVISA, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. 120-126, 2022. Disponível em: https://rdcsa.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/267. Acesso em: 24 mar. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36239/revisa.v11.n2.p120a126
HEIKINHEIMO, Oskari et al. Systemic hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, v. 101, n. 8, p. 846-855, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14384
LAGO, Adria Cristina Viana et al. Risco de trombose venosa relacionada ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais. Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 16, p. e158111638150-e158111638150, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.38150
LAVASSEUR, Corinne et al. Hormonal therapies and venous thrombosis: Considerations for prevention and management. Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis, v. 6, n. 6, p. e12763, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12763
LINNEMANN, Birgit et al. Venous thromboembolism issues in women. Hämostaseologie, v. 42, n. 05, p. 290-299, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1919-9558
MENDES, Karina Dal Sasso; SILVEIRA, Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira; GALVÃO, Cristina Maria. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, Florianópolis, v. 17, n. 4, p. 758-764, out./dez. 2008. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
MORIMONT, Laure et al. Contraceptivos orais combinados e tromboembolismo venoso: revisão e perspectiva para mitigar o risco. Frontiers in endocrinology , v. 12, p. 769187, 2021.
OLIVEIRA, André Luiz Malavasi Longo de; PASCHÔA, Adilson Ferraz; MARQUES, Marcos Arêas. Tromboembolismo venoso na mulher: novos desafios para uma velha doença. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, v. 19, p. e20190148, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.190148
SKEITH, Leslie; BATES, Shannon M. Estrogen, progestin, and beyond: thrombotic risk and contraceptive choices. Hematology, v. 2024, n. 1, p. 644-651, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2024000591
SILVA, Celi Santos da; SÁ, Rosiane; TOLEDO, Juliana. Métodos Contraceptivos e Prevalência de Mulheres Adultas e Jovens com risco de Trombose, no Campus Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal-UDF. REVISA, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 190-197, 2019. Disponível em: https://rdcsa.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/682. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36239/revisa.v8.n2.p190a197
SOBREIRA, Marcone Lima et al. Diretrizes sobre trombose venosa profunda da Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular.Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, v. 23, p. e20230107, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.202301071
SOUZA, M. T.; SILVA, M. D.; CARVALHO, R. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein, v. 8, 1 Pt 1, p. 102-106, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010rw1134
PASTORI, Daniele et al. A comprehensive review of risk factors for venous thromboembolism: from epidemiology to pathophysiology. International journal of molecular sciences, v. 24, n. 4, p. 3169, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043169
WILLIAMS, Jennifer S.; MACDONALD, Maureen J. Influence of hormonal contraceptives on peripheral vascular function and structure in premenopausal females: a review. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, v. 320, n. 1, p. H77-H89, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00614.2020
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alessandra Fernandes Gomes, José Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão, Ana Emília Formiga Marques, Diego Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
