RIESGOS TROMBOEMBÓLICOS ASOCIADOS AL USO DE ANTICONCEPTIVOS HORMONALES: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/tqyvzh73Palabras clave:
Trombosis venosa, anticonceptivos hormonales, progestágenos, estrógenos, riesgosResumen
Los anticonceptivos hormonales se utilizan ampliamente en Brasil desde la década de 1960 y son eficaces en la anticoncepción y en el tratamiento de diversas afecciones como la dismenorrea y el acné. Sin embargo, su uso se asocia al riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos, como la Trombosis Venosa Profunda (TVP), debido a la acción de las hormonas (progesterona y estrógeno) sobre la coagulación sanguínea. Además de los anticonceptivos hormonales, los factores que influyen en este riesgo incluyen la predisposición genética, la obesidad, el tabaquismo y la edad. Este trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica integradora. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante la selección de artículos científicos publicados entre 2019 y noviembre de 2025 en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), PubMed y SciELO (Science Electronic Library Online), utilizando descriptores extraídos de DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud), basados en las palabras clave: Trombosis Venosa; Anticonceptivos Hormonales; riesgos. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión previamente establecidos, se seleccionaron ocho artículos para su análisis y discusión en este trabajo. Los resultados indican que el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales combinados se asocia con un aumento significativo del riesgo de tromboembolia venosa, especialmente en mujeres con factores predisponentes. Entre los diferentes tipos de progestágenos, algunos tienen un mayor potencial trombogénico, como el desogestrel y la drospirenona, al igual que los estrógenos en dosis más altas. Se concluye que, si bien son eficaces como anticonceptivos, estos medicamentos requieren una evaluación individualizada. Por lo tanto, este estudio busca brindar apoyo a profesionales de la salud y a mujeres en la elección de métodos anticonceptivos seguros, buscando un equilibrio entre la eficacia anticonceptiva y la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular.
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