CHATGPT AND AI TOOLS IN THE CLASSROOM: HOW TO INTEGRATE WITHOUT REPLACING CRITICAL THINKING

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61164/erddwg72

Keywords:

Inteligência artificial; ChatGPT; Educação; Pensamento crítico; Tecnologias digitais.

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, such as ChatGPT, has significantly reshaped educational environments, raising urgent debates regarding their pedagogical integration. This article aims to critically examine both the potential and the risks of using generative AI tools in classroom settings, particularly in terms of preserving and fostering critical thinking among students. Although these technologies offer numerous possibilities for personalized learning, task automation, and broader access to knowledge, there is growing concern about their uncritical application, which may jeopardize the development of intellectual autonomy, ethical reflection, and creativity. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review that includes authors such as Selwyn (2021), Williamson (2022), Luckin (2023), Holmes (2021), Zawacki-Richter (2020), Knox (2023), Perrotta (2024), and Wang (2025), the article discusses the essential role of teachers in mediating the use of such tools and in designing pedagogical strategies that emphasize authorship, inquiry, and reflective judgment. It is argued that the mere adoption of AI tools without a critical and formative intentionality can result in technological dependency, dilute the educational value of writing, and constrain cognitive diversity. Therefore, it is advocated that AI be incorporated into pedagogical practices as an ally in the construction of meaningful learning, if it is anchored in ethical, critical, and democratic principles. Finally, the article points out directions for future research and suggests the development of public policies, ongoing teacher training, and updated curricula that promote a critical and conscious digital education.

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Author Biographies

  • Hilke Carlayle de Medeiros Costa, PUC/RS

    Hilke Carlayle de Medeiros Costa

    Bacharel em Direito

    Advogado - OAB/AM 15.347

    Pós-graduando em Direito Público: Constitucional, Administrativo e Tributário na PUC/RS

    hilkecarlayle.adv@gmail.com

     

  • Hellyegenes de Oliveira, Universidade Estácio de Sá

    Hellyegenes de Oliveira

    Doutorando em Educação

    Universidade Estácio de Sá

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-0117

    hellyegenes@hotmail.com

  • Jefferson Fellipe Jahnke, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR)

    Jefferson Fellipe Jahnke

    Doutor em Educação

    Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR)

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-549X

    jefefellipe6@yahoo.com.br

     

  • Carlos Alberto Feitosa dos Santos, Universidade Ibirapuera (Unib)

    Carlos Alberto Feitosa dos Santos

    Mestrando em Psicologia

    Universidade Ibirapuera (Unib)

    Feitosa2006@yahoo.com.br

     

  • Marttem Costa de Santana, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco-IFPE

    Marttem Costa de Santana

    Doutor em Tecnologia e Sociedade (UTFPR).

    Instituto Federal de Pernambuco-IFPE

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-9403

    marttemsantana@ufpi.edu.br

  • Isidro José Bezerra Maciel Fortaleza do Nascimento , Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella

    Isidro José Bezerra Maciel Fortaleza do Nascimento

    Doutor em Educação pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

    Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella

    https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3645-1232

    isidrofortaleza@hotmail.com

  • Wellington Santos de Paula, Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR

    Wellington Santos de Paula

    Mestrando em Educação Bilingue de Surdos- PPGEB (DESU-INES) pelo Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-8087

    wellufrj@gmail.com

References

COPE, Bill et al. New learning: Transformational designs for pedagogy and assessment. 3. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

HOLMES, Wayne; PORAYSKA-POMSTA, Katarzyna. AI and inclusive education: Speculative futures and emerging practices. British Journal of Educational Technology, v. 53, n. 2, p. 423–439, 2022.

HOLMES, Wayne et al. Ethics of AI in Education: Promises and Implications. Paris: UNESCO, 2022. Disponível em: https://unesdoc.unesco.org. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2025.

KNOX, Jeremy. AI and the future of education: Critical perspectives. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023.

LÉVY, Pierre. A inteligência coletiva na era digital. São Paulo: Loyola, 2020.

LUCKIN, Rose. AI in the classroom: The future of learning. London: UCL Press, 2022.

SELWYN, Neil. Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021.

WILLIAMSON, Ben; EYNON, Rebecca. Datafication and education: A critical approach to emerging data practices in schools. Learning, Media and Technology, v. 45, n. 1, p. 1–14, 2020.

Published

2026-02-09

How to Cite

CHATGPT AND AI TOOLS IN THE CLASSROOM: HOW TO INTEGRATE WITHOUT REPLACING CRITICAL THINKING. (2026). Revista Multidisciplinar Do Nordeste Mineiro, 2(01), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.61164/erddwg72