ESTIMULACIÓN VAGAL AURICULAR TRANSCUTÁNEA MEDIANTE DE LA PRÁCTICA PSICOMOTRIZ ACUÁTICA: EFECTOS EN LA AUTORREGULACIÓN DE NIÑOS COM TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
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https://doi.org/10.66104/8jer1j32Palabras clave:
Trastorno del Espectro Autista; Nervio Vago; Psicomotricidad Acuática; Teoría Polivagal; AutorregulaciónResumen
Introducción: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades en la autorregulación emocional, el tono corporal y las interacciones sociales. La estimulación transcutánea del nervio vago auricular ha sido investigada como una estrategia no invasiva de neuromodulación, con posibles implicaciones en la regulación autonómica. Objetivo: Investigar, de forma observacional, las respuestas conductuales asociadas a la estimulación vagal auricular mediada por el contacto del agua durante sesiones de Psicomotricidad Acuática. Métodos: Estudio observacional, con una duración de 15 meses, realizado con 24 niños con TEA (18 varones y 6 niñas). Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo durante sesiones individuales de Psicomotricidad Acuática, utilizando la técnica denominada Waters of Feelings, que favorece el contacto de la región auricular con el medio acuático. Los datos fueron registrados en diarios de campo y analizados de forma descriptiva. Resultados: Las observaciones indicaron la ocurrencia frecuente de relajación corporal, reorganización tónica y reducción de comportamientos de desorganización, así como un aumento de la disponibilidad relacional, del contacto visual y del involucramiento en las interacciones. También se registraron episodios puntuales de emisión vocal, movimientos espontáneos y mayor organización psicomotriz durante el contacto auricular con el agua. Conclusión: Aunque no permite establecer relaciones causales, el estudio sugiere que la estimulación auricular asociada a la práctica psicomotriz acuática puede favorecer procesos de autorregulación tónica, emocional y relacional en niños con TEA, configurándose como una intervención complementaria no farmacológica susceptible de futuras investigaciones.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Siomara Aparecida da Silva
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