EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-CEMENT BRICKS WITH THE ADDITION OF RUBBER TIRE WASTE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/vakj3d94Keywords:
Portland cement; Massará and Concrete.Abstract
This study evaluates the technical and environmental feasibility of using washed massará as a replacement for conventional sand in concrete production. Mineralogical characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealed that both materials are predominantly siliceous, with quartz as the main phase. The conventional sand presented 91.36% SiO₂, whereas massará, despite its lower silica content (73.71%), exhibited a more complex mineralogy, including the presence of kaolinite (16.62% Al₂O₃) and feldspars, also supported by K₂O contents and loss on ignition. From a physical standpoint, a significant granulometric difference was observed: massará showed a fineness modulus (FM) of 2.61, being classified as a medium sand with a tendency toward coarser material, approaching the behavior of coarse sand, while the conventional sand presented an FM of 1.93, being classified as fine sand. This higher granulometry of massará favors better particle packing and lower void content, whereas fine sand increases specific surface area and water demand. Mechanical tests demonstrated the superior performance of massará, which reached 43.48 MPa at 91 days, exceeding the reference concrete by 32%. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey) confirmed that massará achieves, at 7 days, a compressive strength equivalent to that of conventional sand at 28 days (p < 0.001). It is concluded that the improved granulometric packing of massará, combined with its mineralogical composition, enhances the strength and durability of concrete, representing a sustainable alternative to sand extraction from riverbeds.
Downloads
References
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 5738:2015 - Concreto - Procedimento para moldagem e cura de corpos de prova. Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 6118:2023 - Projeto de Estruturas de Concreto. Rio de Janeiro, 2023.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 7212:2021 - Concreto dosado em central - Preparo, fornecimento e controle. Rio de Janeiro, 2021.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 7214:2015 - Areia normal para ensaio de cimento - Especificação. Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 7216:2001 - Agregados - Amostragem. Rio de Janeiro, 2001.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 17054:2022 - Agregados - Determinação da composição granulométrica. Rio de Janeiro, 2003.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 9935:2024 - Agregados -Terminologia. Rio de Janeiro, 2024.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR NM 248:2022 - Agregados - Determinação da composição granulométrica. Rio de Janeiro, 2022.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR NM ISO 3310-1:2010 - Peneiras de ensaio - Requisitos técnicos e verificação - Parte 1: Peneiras de ensaio com tela de tecido metálico. Rio de Janeiro, 2010.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 7211 Agregados para
concreto - Especificação. Rio de Janeiro, 2022.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS (ABNT). NBR 7211: Agregados para concreto – Especificação. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2022.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE CIMENTO PORTLAND. ABCP 80 anos: a história do cimento Portland no Brasil. São Paulo: ABCP, 2021.
AL-HADITHI, A. I.; AL-ANI, H. R. Characteristics of clay soils intended for construction. ResearchGate, 2023.
AL-BARED, M. A. M. et al. Sustainable soil stabilization: Innovations, environmentally friendly additives, and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, [S. l.], v. 312, p. 127768, 2021.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM). ASTM C33 / C33M-23: Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2023.
BEN-ALAYED, A. et al. Supply chain optimization for the aggregates industry: A case study of the construction sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 310, p. 127-138, 2021.
BAWAB, J. et al. Impact of clay particles on concrete compressive strength. Journal of Building Engineering, [S. l.], v. 43, 102555, 2021.
BAUER, L. A. F. Materiais de Construção. Rio de Janeiro: Livros Técnicos e Científicos, 2022.
BAUER, L. A. FALCÃO; DIAS, JOÃO FERNANDO (coord.). Materiais de construção: volume 2. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: LTC, 2022. 628 p. ISBN 9788521632351.
BELL, Emma; BRYMAN, Alan; HARLEY, Bill. Business Research Methods. 6. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
BORG, J.; MAYO, A. The Photography of Research: Visual Evidence in the Humanities and Social Sciences. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021.
CAPUTO, Homero Pinto. Mecânica dos Solos e suas aplicações. Rio de Janeiro: LTC – Livros Técnicos e Científicos Editora S.A., 2022.
CHAVAN, S. S. Image to Text Extraction. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 1-10, mar. 2024.
CHANDRABHAN, S.; PRAMOD, K. Characteristics of river sand and its impact on concrete performance. Journal of Geological Engineering and Technology, v. 9, n. 1, p. 45-58, fev. 2025.
CZARNECKI, L., et al. (2024). Concrete-Polymer Composites in Circular Economy: Proceedings of the 17th International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2023). Springer.
DE SOUZA, A. et al. Influence of gas impurities in flue gas on the carbonation curing and subsequent water curing of cement compacts. Journal of Building Engineering, [S. l.], v. 76, 107312, 2023.
ESCOLA ENGENHARIA. Aglomerantes Parte I: materiais de construção civil. [S. l.], 29 mar. 2020. 1 vídeo (22 min). Publicado pelo canal Escola Engenharia.
FICKLER, J.; SCHLAICH, M. Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: Properties and Applications. Structural Engineering International, [s. l.], v. 31, n. 2, p. 192-201, 2021.
FLICK, U. Introdução à pesquisa qualitativa. 4. ed. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2024.
GARCIA, C.; et al. Earth architecture in Uruguayan mutual-aid housing cooperatives. University of Geneva, 2020.
GOMEZ-HERAS, M.; VAZQUEZ-CALVO, C. Weathering of stone heritage: From the macro- to the nano-scale. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 416, n. 1, p. 237-251, 2019.
GERALDO, R. H. et al. Reuse of construction and demolition waste as a substitute for natural soil in geotechnical applications: A review. Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 4, p. 3215, 2023.
HOU, D.; MA, H.; ZHOU, X.; LI, Z. Advanced Concrete Technology. 2. ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
HABERT, G. et al. Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, v. 1, p. 559–573, 2020.
HANIFA, A. et al. Advancements in low-carbon concrete as a construction material for sustainable infrastructure: A review. Materials Today Sustainability, v. 23, 100421, 2023.
KAUR, P.; SINGH, B. Studies on mechanical performance of treated and non-treated coarse recycled concrete aggregate and its performance in concrete – an Indian case study. Research on Engineering Structures & Materials, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 341-362, 2022.
KOSMATKA, S. H.; WILSON, M. L. Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures: the guide to applications, methods, and materials. 17. ed. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2021.
LACHAT, et al. Life cycle and performance assessment of recycled aggregates in road construction. Road Materials and Pavement Design, v. 26, n. 1, 2025.
LIU, Z. et al. Dynamic coupling between cementation and porosity evolution of clastic rock. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 162, 2024.
LI, B., ET AL. (2023). Effects of Fines Content on Durability of High-Strength Manufactured Sand Concrete. Materials, 16(2), 522.
MINAYO, M. C. S. Análise qualitativa: teoria, passos e fidedignidade. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 26, n. 11, p. 621-626, 2021. Aceder via SciELO.
MEHTA, P. K.; MONTEIRO, P. J. M. Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2023.
NEVILLE, A. M.; BROOKS, J. J. Concrete Technology. 3rd ed. London: Pearson Education, 2019.
NAVARRO, G. R. B. et al. Chemical weathering processes generating the raw material used in porcelain stoneware industry in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 119, 104031, 2022.
RESCIC, S. et al. Earthen Plasters Stabilized through Sustainable Additives: An Experimental Campaign. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 3, 1090, 2021.
RIBEIRO, J. A., SILVA, A. C., & SCHONS, E. (2023). Agregados miúdos não convencionais como alternativa na composição do concreto. Revista Foco, 16(12), 1-23.
SILVA, J. L. O. (2023). Análise de propriedades mecânicas de concretos produzidos com diferentes dosagens de agregados reciclados de concreto (Dissertação de Mestrado).
Universidade Federal de Alagoas.
SILVA, J. A. A evolução da construção civil: da sobrevivência à tecnologia. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 18., 2020, Porto Alegre. Anais [...]. Porto Alegre: ANTAC, 2020.
SHIVABARASAD, B. S.; SAMANT, A. K. Recycled Concrete Aggregates: A Review on Properties and Applications in Sustainable Construction. Journal of Sustainable Infrastructure and Rehabilitation, v. 3, n. 1, 2024.
SMARZEWSKI, P., & STOLARSKI, A. (2022). Properties and Performance of Concrete Materials and Structures. MDPI.
SCALBI, A. et al. Characterization of natural clays for sustainable building materials: The role of mineralogy and grain size distribution. Construction and Building Materials, v. 342, 2022.
SOUTSOS, M. (2022). ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability. (2ª ed.). ICE Publishing.
TECNOMOR. História do cimento: dos primórdios à atualidade. [S. l.]: Tecnomor, 7 jun. 2021.
VIGNESHWARI, M., & ARUNPRAKASH, E. (2024). Performance and sustainability assessment of concrete with quarry dust as a complete replacement for natural sand. Journal of Building Engineering, 82, 108234.
VÁZQUEZ‐TARRÍO, D., RECKING, A., LIÉBAULT, F., TAL, M., & MENÉNDEZ‐DUARTE, R. (2020). Textural signatures of sediment supply in gravel‐bed rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 45(11), 2633-2649.
XIAO, J., ZOU, S., YU, Y., WANG, Y., DING, T., ZHU, Y., & CHU, G. (2022). Concrete recycling: Research, directions, and applications. Construction and Building Materials, 327, 126895.
YIN, R. K. Pesquisa qualitativa do início ao fim. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 FRANCISCA DAS CHAGAS OLIVEIRA, FRANCISCO ARLON DE OLIVEIRA CHAVES, ANDRESON DE FRANÇA ALMEIDA, EVANDRO DE CARVALHO RIBEIRO, ROBERVAL SOARES DAS NEVES, EUGENIA MARIA DOS SANTOS CORDEIRO, GILVAN MOREIRA DA PAZ

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
