SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERN ANALYSIS OF POLIO VACCINATION COVERAGE IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ BETWEEN 2013 AND 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/0b0wme95Keywords:
Vaccination Coverage, Poliomyelitis, Geoprocessing, Health Surveillance, PiauíAbstract
Poliomyelitis, although eradicated in Brazil, faces a risk of reintroduction due to a sharp decline in vaccination coverage rates. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of polio vaccination coverage in the 224 municipalities of Piauí, Brazil, from 2013 to 2024. This was an ecological, retrospective, and quantitative study, utilizing secondary data from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI/DATASUS) and cartographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Time series and geospatial analyses were employed, including thematic mapping, Moran's I Index, and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), using Python and R programming languages. Results revealed significant temporal volatility in the average state coverage, with a sharp decline in 2021 (78.92%) and a recovery in 2024 (119.69%). However, municipal-level analysis showed persistent spatial heterogeneity and the formation of "pockets of susceptibles"—municipalities with chronically low coverage—which pose a high risk for poliovirus reintroduction. Geospatial analysis confirmed spatial autocorrelation and the formation of low-low coverage clusters. It is concluded that geoprocessing is a powerful diagnostic tool for identifying priority areas and guiding focused public health interventions, thereby mitigating the risk of polio reintroduction in Piauí.
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