SISTEMAS DE LIBERACIÓN CONTROLADA BASADOS EN NANOPARTÍCULAS PARA QUIMIOTERAPÉUTICOS: REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/m8xd2x31Palabras clave:
Sistemas; nanopartículas; quimioterápicos; liberación controladaResumen
El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en las Américas y se estima que alcanzará 6,7 millones de casos para el año 2045. Factores como el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol y el estilo de vida contribuyen a su aparición. Las terapias convencionales presentan limitaciones, como baja eficacia y elevada toxicidad. La nanotecnología surge como una solución prometedora, ya que las nanopartículas permiten la liberación controlada y dirigida de quimioterápicos, reduciendo los efectos secundarios. Estas mejoran la farmacocinética, protegen los fármacos y facilitan su absorción celular. La funcionalización con ligandos específicos incrementa la precisión en el combate al tumor. Así, la nanotecnología ofrece tratamientos más eficaces y personalizados contra el cáncer. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo, mediante una revisión integrativa de la literatura, examinar la eficiencia de los sistemas de liberación controlada de quimioterápicos basados en nanopartículas. Se trata, por tanto, de una revisión integrativa de la literatura científica. La recolección de datos se realizó en bases científicas como la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), PubMed, incluida la plataforma Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), y el National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Como criterios de inclusión, se consideraron estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2025, disponibles íntegramente en portugués, inglés o español, y cuyos objetivos estuvieran alineados con el tema de la investigación. Este trabajo busca presentar información esencial para orientar a profesionales de la salud y pacientes sobre las ventajas y limitaciones de los sistemas de liberación controlada de quimioterápicos, posibilitando una evaluación crítica y fundamentada de esta estrategia terapéutica en el tratamiento del cáncer. Los resultados muestran que estas tecnologías, basadas en nanopartículas y liposomas, permiten un mayor direccionamiento tumoral, una liberación sostenida y la reducción de efectos adversos, aumentando la eficacia y la adherencia al tratamiento. Se concluye que estos sistemas representan un avance importante en la terapéutica oncológica, aunque aún enfrentan desafíos relacionados con la estandarización y los costos de producción.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ryann Rodrigues Cardoso, José Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão, Ana Emília Formiga Marques, Diego Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo
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