ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS CON EL PROCESO DE RECOLECCIÓN DE MICROALGAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/tfmmf458Palabras clave:
coagulación; electrocoagulación; filtración; flotación; cosecha; microalgas.Resumen
Las microalgas están presentes en el medio acuático y producen bioproductos de gran valor añadido (p. ej., carbohidratos, lípidos, ácidos grasos, pigmentos, proteínas) mediante la conversión de energía solar en energía química mediante la fijación de CO2 atmosférico. Por lo tanto, la biomasa de microalgas tiene muchas aplicaciones potenciales en diversas industrias, por ejemplo, cosmética, farmacéutica, biopesticidas agrícolas, producción de biocombustibles y suplementos alimenticios. Sin embargo, la cosecha de microalgas implica un consumo energético y unos costes operativos elevados (alrededor del 30 % del coste total de producción). Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo revisar los principales logros de los procesos de cosecha de microalgas, sus eficiencias y las principales ventajas y desventajas de cada método de cosecha. La dosis de coagulante, el tiempo de mezcla y el gradiente de velocidad son parámetros que afectan a la eficiencia de la cosecha de microalgas. Por lo tanto, en este artículo de revisión se presentarán las condiciones óptimas de estas variables. Por otro lado, la coagulación, seguida de la flotación, está influenciada por las fuerzas de atracción-repulsión entre las células y el agente coagulante. Factores como el tamaño celular, la viabilidad, la densidad, el posible daño celular, las propiedades de la cepa, la velocidad de sedimentación, la concentración de sal de cada especie de microalga, la demanda energética, el producto final y la reutilización del medio de cultivo determinan si será necesario utilizar uno o más métodos combinados para cosechar la biomasa de microalgas. Sin embargo, la coagulación y la floculación siguen siendo relevantes para la cosecha de células de algas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jacqueline Rêgo da Silva Rodrigues, Keilla Santos Cerqueira, Graziella do NAscimento Silva, Iago Hudson da Silva Souza, Raiane Vieira Chaves, Werlisson Santos Souza; Miguel de Jesus Pereira; José Raí de Jesus Coelho, Roberto Rodrigues de Souza
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