ANÁLISIS MOLECULAR DE PARTÍCULAS DE AIRE COMO ESTRATEGIA INNOVADORA PARA LA VIGILANCIA SANITARIA DE COLONIAS SPF EN SISTEMAS DE IVC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/rer3nr70Palabras clave:
PCR, partículas de aire de escape, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, racks ventilados, monitoreo sanitarioResumen
Los animales de laboratorio mantenidos en condiciones libres de patógenos específicos (specific pathogen-free, SPF) son esenciales para garantizar la fiabilidad y la reproducibilidad de la investigación biomédica. Los sistemas de estanterías con jaulas ventiladas individualmente (individually ventilated cages, IVC) contribuyen al mantenimiento del estado sanitario de las colonias; sin embargo, aún pueden ocurrir eventos de contaminación. Las estrategias convencionales de monitoreo, como el cribado aleatorio de animales o el uso de centinelas expuestos a cama sucia (soiled bedding sentinel, SBS), presentan sensibilidad limitada, especialmente para patógenos transmitidos por aerosoles o por contacto directo. En este contexto, el muestreo de partículas del aire de escape combinado con la detección molecular mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) ha surgido como una alternativa prometedora.
Este estudio evaluó la detección de patógenos en partículas aerosolizadas recolectadas de racks ventilados en Centros de Cría de Animales de Laboratorio de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lactobacillus sp. se utilizó como control positivo y Rodentibacter pneumotropicus como modelo de patógeno respiratorio. Se recolectaron un total de 74 muestras en tres puntos de muestreo: filtros de escape (n = 16), jaulas de animales residentes/filtros superiores (n = 46) y mini-aisladores con cama sucia (n = 12). El análisis molecular mostró una mayor y más consistente recuperación de ADN en los filtros de escape, mientras que los mini-aisladores presentaron bajas concentraciones detectables. La ausencia de detección de R. pneumotropicus, junto con la recuperación consistente del control positivo, respalda la viabilidad y confiabilidad del protocolo propuesto para la vigilancia sanitaria ambiental.
Esta metodología muestra potencial para su optimización y podría contribuir a reducir o sustituir el uso de animales centinela, en concordancia con los principios de las 3R (Reemplazo, Reducción y Refinamiento) en la experimentación animal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Camilla Ribeiro Nery, Maria Inês Doria Rossi, Lília de Cássia Espírito Santo, Cladinara Roberts Sarturi, Joseli Maria da Rocha Nogueira
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