PATRONES DE PRESCRIPCIÓN Y USO RACIONAL DE ANTIBIÓTICOS Y CORTICOSTEROIDES EN LA POBLACIÓN PEDIÁTRICA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/gwrdsg21Palabras clave:
Antibióticos; Corticosteroides; Pediatría; Uso racional de medicamentos; Gestión de antimicrobianos.Resumen
Los antibióticos y los corticosteroides se encuentran entre los medicamentos más prescritos en la población pediátrica y son ampliamente utilizados en el tratamiento de infecciones y afecciones inflamatorias. No obstante, el uso inadecuado de estas clases farmacológicas se asocia con efectos adversos relevantes, como la resistencia antimicrobiana, la inmunosupresión y el aumento de los costos sanitarios. A pesar de la disponibilidad de guías clínicas, persisten variaciones significativas en las prácticas de prescripción, especialmente en relación con el uso empírico y la adherencia a los protocolos institucionales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los patrones de prescripción y el grado de uso racional de antibióticos y corticosteroides en niños, identificando prácticas adecuadas e inadecuadas descritas en la literatura reciente. Se trata de una revisión sistemática registrada en PROSPERO (CRD420251045497) y realizada conforme a las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases SciELO, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2025, en idioma inglés y con texto completo disponible. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales que abordaron patrones de prescripción y uso racional en pediatría. Trece estudios cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Se observó una elevada prevalencia de prescripción empírica de antimicrobianos, uso frecuente de antibióticos de amplio espectro y adherencia variable a las guías clínicas. En cuanto a los corticosteroides, los beneficios se limitaron a condiciones clínicas específicas, no recomendándose su uso indiscriminado. Se concluye que persisten desafíos relevantes en la racionalidad terapéutica en pediatría, lo que refuerza la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de gestión de antimicrobianos, los protocolos clínicos y las estrategias educativas continuas para promover un uso seguro y basado en la evidencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juliano Kyt Moreira , Jéssica Emanuele de Oliveira, Katherin Crispim Morais Machado , Marcelo Dias de Azevedo Júnior , Natália Maria Dias Pereira , Vanessa Emanuelle dos Reis Milani, Anna Luiza Pires Vieira
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