Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) y Suicidio: Relaciones de Congruencia e Implicaciones para las Políticas Públicas y la Educación Inclusiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/7z5tz036Palabras clave:
personas con TEA, suicidio, políticas públicas, educación inclusivaResumen
Esta investigación busca analizar el fenómeno de la prevalencia de la suicidalidad en el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) desde una perspectiva histórica e interdisciplinaria. Para ello, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica integradora que abarca debates en áreas como la sociología, la psicología, la psiquiatría, el modelo social de la discapacidad, los estudios sobre el autismo y la sociología del suicidio, se desarrollaron modelos para comprender las manifestaciones suicidas en personas con TEA desde una perspectiva escalar, con el objetivo de abordarlas mediante el desarrollo de políticas públicas en diferentes áreas. El texto es innovador porque, a pesar de la evidencia científica que atestigua el aumento de la incidencia de la ideación, la planificación, la conducta y la muerte suicidas en personas con TEA, ninguna de ellas ha analizado críticamente cómo este fenómeno se diferencia de otros trastornos y se vincula con eventos que se extienden a las estructuras capacitistas, algo que esta investigación sí ha hecho. El estudio destaca que la restricción de la pertenencia y la falta de reconocimiento social ejercen impactos psicosociales asociados al sufrimiento psicológico, además de catalizar la aparición de comorbilidades psiquiátricas en personas con TEA, lo que refuerza la necesidad de construir perspectivas que integren la educación inclusiva, la atención a la salud mental y las políticas de promoción de la participación social.
Descargas
Referencias
APA. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). APA Publishing, 2022.
ARCELUS, Jon, et al. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 724–731, 2011.
BECKER, Howard. Outsiders: Estudos de sociologia do desvio (M. L. X. de A. Borges, Trad.; 1ª ed.). Zahar. (Obra original publicada em 1963), 2008.
BENTLEY, Kate. et al. Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 30–46, 2016.
BIRD, Giorgina, & COOK, Richard. Mixed emotions: The contribution of alexithymia to the emotional symptoms of autism. Translational Psychiatry, 3(7), e285, 2013.
BOTHA, Monique, HANLON, Jacqueline, WILLIAMS, Gemma Louise. Does language matter? Identity-first versus person-first language use in autism research and the experiences of autistic people. Autism, 27(2), 565–577, 2023.
BOTHA, Monique; FROST, David. Extending the minority stress model to understand mental health problems experienced by the autistic population. Society and Mental Health, 10(1), 20–34, 2020.
BRASIL. Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Ministério da Educação, 2008.
BRASIL. Lei nº 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015: Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência. Presidência da República, 2015.
CAMM-CROSBIE, Louise. et al., ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality. Autism, 23(6), 1431–1441, 2019.
CASSIDY, Sarah., et al., Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger’s syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: A clinical cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(2), 142–147, 2014.
CASSIDY, Sarah, et al., Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults. Molecular autism, 9, 42, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0226-4
CASTEL, Robert. As metamorfoses da questão social: Uma crônica do salário. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1998.
CHEN, Um Hong. et al., Risk of suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide longitudinal follow-up study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(11), 1261–1268, 2014.
CHESNEY, Edward; GOODWIN, Guy., FAZEL, Seena. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 13(2), 153–160, 2014.
CRANE, Laura et al. 'Something needs to change': Mental health experiences of young autistic adults in England. Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 23(2), 477–493, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318757048
DALSGAARD, Søren, et al. Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Lancet (London, England), 385(9983), 2190–2196, 2015.
DARVISHI, Nahid et al. Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: a meta-analysis. PloS one, 10(5), e0126870, 2015.
DURKHEIM, Emile. O suicídio: Estudo de sociologia (Obra original publicada em 1897). Martins Fontes, 2000.
FERNÁNDEZ DE LA CRUZ, Lorena et al. Suicide in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a population-based study of 36 788 Swedish patients. Molecular psychiatry, 22(11), 1626–1632, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.115
FRASER, Nancy. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds.), Redistribution or recognition? Verso, 2003.
FRASER, Nancy. Scales of justice: Reimagining political space in a globalizing world. Polity, 2008.
GOFFMAN, Erving. Estigma: Notas sobre a manipulação da identidade deteriorada (4ª ed.). LTC. (Obra original publicada em 1963), 1988.
HAWTON, Keith., SAUNDERS, Kate. E., O'CONNOR, Rory. Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet (London, England), 379(9834), 2373–2382, 2012.
HEDLEY, Darren et al. Risk and protective factors underlying depression and suicidal ideation in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Depression and anxiety, 35(7), 648–657, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22759
HEDLEY, Darren., ULJAREVIĆ, Mirko. Systematic Review of Suicide in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Trends and Implications. Curr Dev Disord Rep 5, 65–76 (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-018-0133-6
Hirvikoski, Tatja et al. Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 208(3), 232–238, 2016.
HOLLOCKS, Matthew. et al. Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine, 49(4), 559–572, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718002283
HOLT-LUNSTAD, Julianne et al. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237, 2015.
HONNETH, Axel. Luta por reconhecimento: A gramática moral dos conflitos sociais (L. S. Repa, Trad.). Editora 34, 2003.
HOR, Kahiee; TAYLOR, Mark. Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 24(4 Suppl), 81–90, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359786810385490
HULL, Laura et al. "Putting on My Best Normal": Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(8), 2519–2534, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5
HUMPHREY, Neil; HEBRON, Judith. Bullying of children and adolescents with autism spectrum conditions: a ‘state of the field’ review. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(8), 845–862, 2015.
HUNTJENS, Raffaele et al. Trauma-related self-defining memories and future goals in Dissociative Identity Disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 87, 216–224, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.10.002
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Indicadores de saúde e ODS: mortalidade por suicídio no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2025.
JOINER, Thomas. Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press, 2007.
JOKIRANTA-OLKONIEMI, Elina et al. Risk of Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Among Siblings of Probands With Autism Spectrum Disorders. JAMA psychiatry, 73(6), 622–629, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0495
KAPP, Steven. Autistic community and the neurodiversity movement. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
KIRBY, Anne et al. A 20-year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 12(4), 658–666, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2076
KLONSKY, Davis; MAY, Alexis. The three-step theory (3ST): A new theory of suicide rooted in the “ideation-to-action” framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8(2), 114–129, 2015.
KÕLVES, Kairi et al. Assessment of Suicidal Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Denmark. JAMA network open, 4(1), e2033565, 2021.
LEVER, Anne. G; GEURTS, Hilde. Psychiatric Co-occurring Symptoms and Disorders in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(6), 1916–1930, 2016.
LINK, Bruce; PHELAN, Jo. Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review Sociology. 27:363-385, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
LORD, Catherine, et al. Autism spectrum disorder. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 6(1), 5, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4
MACHADO, Daiane Borges; SANTOS, Darci Neves. dos. Suicídio no Brasil, de 2000 a 2012. Jornal Brasileiro De Psiquiatria, 64(1), 45–54, 2015.
MADDOX, Brenna., et al. "I wouldn't know where to start": Perspectives from clinicians, agency leaders, and autistic adults on improving community mental health services for autistic adults. Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 24(4), 919–930, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319882227
MARMOT Michael. The health gap: the challenge of an unequal world. Lancet (London, England), 386(10011), 2442–2444, 2015.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Boletim epidemiológico de tentativas e óbitos por suicídio no Brasil. MS, 2023.
MOSELEY, Rachel et al. Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism. Molecular autism, 11(1), 14, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8
NEWELL, Victoria et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability. Mol Autism. 2023 Mar 15;14(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13229-023-00544-7, 2023. PMID: 36922899; PMCID: PMC10018918.
NOCK, Mathew. K., et al. Mental disorders, comorbidity and suicidal behavior: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular psychiatry, 15(8), 868–876, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.29
PALMA, Danielle Cristina. et al. Análise dos padrões espaciais e caracterização dos suicídios no Brasil entre 1990 e 2015. Cadernos De Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00092819, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00092819
PELLICANO, Elizabeth; DEN HOUTING, Jacquiline. Annual research review: Shifting from normal science to neurodiversity in autism science. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(4), 381–396, 2021.
PESCOSOLIDO, Bernice; MARTIN, Jack. The Stigma Complex. Annual review of sociology, 41, 87–116, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145702
PLANS, Laura et al. Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of affective disorders, 242, 111–122, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054
PUTNAM, Robert. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
SIMONOFF, Emily et al., Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 921–929, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f
SLEE, Roger. The irregular school: Exclusion, schooling and inclusive education. Routledge, 2011.
SOLOFF, Paul; CHIAPPETTA, Laurel. Prospective predictors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder at 6-year follow-up. The American journal of psychiatry, 169(5), 484–490, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11091378
SOUTH, Michael et al. Unrelenting Depression and Suicidality in Women with Autistic Traits. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(10), 3606–3619, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04324-2
VAN ORDEN, Kimberly et al. The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
WHO. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Preventing suicide: A global imperative. WHO, 2014.
WHO. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global health estimates. WHO, 2021.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Gustavo Martins Piccolo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
