DESAFÍOS DE LOS CUIDADORES EN EL APOYO A LA SALUD BUCAL DE NIÑOS CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA MATRICULADOS EN CENTROS MUNICIPALES DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL DE UNA CAPITAL DEL NORDESTE DE BRASIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/yxawhg94Palabras clave:
Cuidadores, Salud bucal, transtorno del espectro autistaResumen
La salud bucal en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) representa un desafío significativo para sus cuidadores y profesionales de la salud debido a las características conductuales y sensoriales del trastorno, que pueden dificultar la implementación de una rutina adecuada de higiene bucal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los desafíos que enfrentan los cuidadores en el apoyo a la salud bucal de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) matriculados en Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil (CMEI) en una ciudad capital en el noreste de Brasil. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo utilizando un enfoque de métodos mixtos (cualitativo y cuantitativo), con un total de 45 cuidadores entrevistados. Estos cuidadores eran de niños con TEA, de 2 a 6 años, matriculados en tres CMEI en una ciudad capital en el noreste de Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en las instituciones a través de cuestionarios semiestructurados administrados en persona, abordando datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de higiene bucal y percepciones de barreras para la atención. Los encuestados indicaron que la resistencia de los niños a cepillarse los dientes, la carga emocional de los cuidadores y la dificultad para encontrar profesionales que sepan trabajar con niños con TEA se encuentran entre los principales desafíos. Los informes también destacan sentimientos de inseguridad y falta de apoyo para afrontar situaciones de crisis durante las rutinas de higiene bucal. Las dificultades reportadas van más allá de los aspectos técnicos de la higiene e involucran factores emocionales e institucionales. Esta investigación puede respaldar prácticas y políticas públicas inclusivas, mejorando la calidad de vida de los niños con TEA y sus familias.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Wállyson Alves e Silva, Lara Fernanda Carlos Lima, Luciene de Moura Alves Gomes, Lucielma Salmito Soares Pinto
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