MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Y NEUROINFLAMACIÓN EN ADULTOS: Una revisión de la conexión intestino-mente-cuerpo
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https://doi.org/10.66104/ncd79c34Palabras clave:
Disbiosis, microbiota intestinal, sistema inmunológico, eje intestino-cerebro-microbiota, comunicación celularResumen
La conexión entre la microbiota intestinal y la salud mental ha sido ampliamente discutida en la literatura científica, especialmente en el contexto de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos e inflamatorios. Este estudio busca recopilar evidencia sobre cómo el desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal (disbiosis) influye en la manifestación de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos e inflamatorios en adultos, con énfasis en la conexión intestino-mente-cuerpo. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva, cualitativa e integrativa, realizada entre 2020 y 2024, utilizando las bases de datos LILAC, MEDLINE y PUBMED. Se incluyeron dieciséis estudios que indican que las intervenciones con probióticos, simbióticos y trasplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) mostraron efectos significativos en la reducción de síntomas como ansiedad, depresión y deterioro cognitivo, aunque el TMF tiene evidencia limitada en humanos. Se destacan mecanismos como el aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal, la activación del eje HPA, la reducción de AGCC y la modulación de las citocinas proinflamatorias. Si bien los resultados son prometedores, persisten lagunas metodológicas en cuanto a la estandarización de cepas, las dosis y las escalas clínicas. La conclusión es que la modulación de la microbiota representa un enfoque terapéutico prometedor, pero aún se necesitan ensayos a mayor escala y con rigor metodológico para consolidar la evidencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Amauri dos Santos Araujo, Janete Fonseca, Isabel Comassetto, Maria Elizabete Rodrigues Viana, Santsder Choque Mamani , Adriadina Olivieira Soares, Deise de Oliveira Aguiar , Valmir Antonio Finetti, Jorge Luiz Muniz Silva

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