ACOMODACIÓN SINTÁCTICA EN LA ADQUISICIÓN DE PASIVAS EN INGLÉS COMO L2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/xz1g5e49Palabras clave:
acomodación sintáctica, adquisición de segundas lenguas, estadio intermedio, bilingüismoResumen
Este estudio investiga el proceso de acomodación sintáctica en la adquisición de estructuras pasivas en inglés como segunda lengua (L2) por parte de estudiantes universitarios brasileños. La hipótesis de acomodación sintáctica propuesta en este trabajo postula que los estudiantes de estadio intermedio de desarrollo del lenguaje producen formas que no pueden explicarse como una transferencia directa de la lengua materna (L1) ni como la forma meta de L2, lo que refleja un ajuste paramétrico sistemático de las estructuras argumentativas de L1 sobre el conocimiento emergente de L2. Para probar esta hipótesis, 56 estudiantes de pregrado y recién graduados en Lengua Inglesa realizaron una tarea de traducción del portugués al inglés con oraciones en voz pasiva sintética con el marcador pasivo 'se', distribuidas en dos condiciones experimentales (biargumentativa y resultativa). Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos de competencia (intermedio, n=17; avanzado, n=38) y tres grupos de edad de adquisición (AoA1: 1–11 años; AoA2: 12–16 años; AoA3: después de los 16 años). Los resultados de la prueba de chi-cuadrado revelaron una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de adquisición y la elección de la estructura argumental en ambos grupos. Los aprendices intermedios mostraron preferencia por la estructura VP-DP, mientras que los aprendices avanzados exhibieron una mayor frecuencia de la estructura DP+POSESIVO-DP-VP y la estructura EXPLIVO-VP-DP, especialmente aquellos con AoA3. Los resultados sugieren que la acomodación sintáctica es un proceso asimétrico y no lineal, modulado tanto por el nivel de competencia como por la edad de adquisición, y que las estructuras funcionales sin un equivalente directo en L1, como el pronombre expletivo 'it', muestran trayectorias de adquisición más lentas.
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