AUTOPERCEPCIÓN DE LA SALUD BUCODENTAL Y CALIDAD DE VIDA RELACIONADA CON LA SALUD EN PERSONAS CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: ESTUDIO TRANSVERSAL CON APLICACIÓN DEL OHIP-14
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/9cpdkx17Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1; Salud bucodental; Calidad de vida; Autopercepción de la salud; OHIP-14.Resumen
La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad crónica que requiere cuidados continuos y puede tener repercusiones significativas en la salud bucodental, lo que influye en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Las pruebas indican que las alteraciones bucales, especialmente las enfermedades periodontales, pueden interferir tanto en el control metabólico como en la percepción del bienestar de las personas, lo que hace relevante la investigación de la autopercepción de la salud bucodental en este grupo de población. Evaluar la autopercepción de la salud bucodental y su relación con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con personas diagnosticadas con DM1 atendidas en un servicio especializado. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucodental se evaluó mediante el instrumento Oral Health Impact Profile en su versión reducida (OHIP-14), mientras que la autopercepción de la salud bucodental se investigó con ítems seleccionados de una encuesta nacional sobre salud bucodental. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial, adoptando un nivel de significación del 5 %. La mayoría de los participantes presentaron puntuaciones bajas en el OHIP-14, lo que indica un impacto reducido de la salud bucodental en la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, se observó que los individuos con peor autopercepción de la salud bucodental presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en el OHIP-14, especialmente en los ámbitos del dolor físico y la limitación funcional. Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según el género, con puntuaciones más altas entre las mujeres. Aunque la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucodental se consideró, en general, satisfactoria, la presencia de problemas bucodentales percibidos se asoció con una peor calidad de vida. Los hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de la inclusión sistemática de la salud bucodental en las estrategias de atención y educación sobre la diabetes, con el fin de promover la atención integral de la salud de las personas con DM1.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Luiz Fernando Ridolfi, Pirini Rudá Quintanilha de Morais, Mateus de Sena Costa Santos, Fabio Kaian Silva Costa, Fernanda Camila Soares Pires de Morais, Fabiane Lopes Dos Santos, Lilian Dias Rocha, Cintia Carolina Lelis Da Silva, Grazielle Ferreira da Silva Diniz
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