Aceite esencial de Origanum vulgare L. como larvicida natural: perfil químico y eficacia frente a Aedes aegypti L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/2a3b3x69Palabras clave:
Arbovirusis, Artemia salina, Orégano, TerpenosResumen
Las arbovirosis transmitidas por Aedes aegypti constituyen uno de los principales desafíos de salud pública en regiones tropicales, particularmente en Brasil, donde las condiciones ambientales y urbanas favorecen la expansión del vector. En este contexto, los productos naturales, como los aceites esenciales, han sido investigados como alternativas sostenibles a los insecticidas sintéticos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la composición química, la actividad larvicida y la toxicidad del aceite esencial de Origanum vulgare L., recolectado en la Amazonía Legal, frente a A. aegypti. El aceite esencial fue obtenido por hidrodestilación en aparato de Clevenger y caracterizado mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). La actividad larvicida fue evaluada en larvas de tercer estadio de A. aegypti, siguiendo el protocolo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, mientras que la toxicidad fue determinada mediante bioensayo con Artemia salina. El rendimiento del aceite esencial fue de 1,9%, con predominio de monoterpenos (93,03%), destacándose el terpinoleno (27,89%), γ-terpineno (19,03%), carvacrol (14,28%) y terpinen-4-ol (13,75%). El aceite presentó una actividad larvicida significativa, con CL50 de 95,6 µg/mL y CL90 de 254,7 µg/mL. Sin embargo, el bioensayo de toxicidad indicó una CL50 de 76,6 µg/mL para A. salina, clasificándolo como altamente tóxico para este organismo. Los resultados evidencian el potencial del aceite esencial de O. vulgare como agente larvicida natural; no obstante, son necesarios estudios adicionales de ecotoxicidad y selectividad para viabilizar su aplicación segura en programas de control vectorial.
Descargas
Referencias
ADAMS, R. P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy. 4. ed. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing Corporation, 2006.
ALI, A. et al. Chemical composition and biological activity of four Salvia essential oils and individual compounds against two species of mosquitoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 63, p. 447–456, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504976f. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504976f
ALJAMEELI, M. Larvicidal effects of some essential oils against Aedes aegypti (L.), the vector of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, v. 30, n. 2, p. 103552, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103552
BAĞDAT, R. B. The biomass and essential oil production of oregano hybrids cultivated under Central Anatolian climatic conditions. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 54, n. 3, e20220538, 2024. http://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220538
BRASIL. Farmacopeia Brasileira. 6. ed. Brasília: Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), 2019. v. 1-2.
DIAS, C. N.; MORAES, D. F. C. Essential oils and their compounds as Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvicides: review. Parasitology Research, v. 113, p. 565–592, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3687-6
DIAS, C. N. et al. Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils extracted from Brazilian Legal Amazon plants against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, v. 2015, p. 1–8, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/490765
DOLABELA, M. F. Triagem in vitro para a atividade antitumoral e anti-Trypanosoma cruzi de extratos vegetais, produtos naturais e substâncias sintéticas. 1997. Tese – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 1997.
FREIRE, C. S. et al. Comparative evaluation of the volatile profile of the essential oil, the hydrolate and the plant material from Origanum vulgare subsp. virens grown in Portugal. Foods, Basel, v. 14, n. 24, p. 4175, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14244175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14244175
GOBBO-NETO, L.; LOPES, N. P. Plantas medicinais: fatores de influência no conteúdo de metabólitos secundários. Química Nova, v. 30, n. 2, p. 374–381, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000200026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000200026
HOU, H. et al. Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. PeerJ, v. 8, e9626, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9626
HUANG, H.-T. et al. Phytochemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from herbal plants. Planta, v. 250, p. 59–68, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03147-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03147-w
KOMALAMISRA, N. et al. Screening for larvicidal activity in some Thai plants against four mosquito vector species. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1412–1422, 2005.
LEE, D. C.; AHN, Y. J. Laboratory and simulated field bioassays to evaluate larvicidal activity of Pinus densiflora hydrodistillate and related compounds against mosquito species. Insects, v. 4, p. 217–229, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4020217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4020217
LETACIO, C. et al. Dengue as a disease threatening global health: a narrative review focusing on Latin America and Brazil. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, v. 8, n. 5, p. 241, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050241
LEYVA-LÓPEZ, N. et al. Essential oils of oregano: biological activity beyond their antimicrobial properties. Molecules, v. 22, n. 6, p. 989, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060989
LUZ, T. R. S. A. et al. Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. Industrial Crops and Products, v. 153, p. 112600, 2020a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112600
LUZ, T. R. S. A. et al. Essential oils and their chemical constituents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Acta Tropica, v. 212, p. 105705, 2020b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105705
LUZ, T. R. S. A. et al. Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. of essential oils from Brazilian Amazon. Experimental Parasitology, v. 243, p. 108405, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108405
MALTA, J. M. A. S. et al. Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e outras manifestações neurológicas possivelmente relacionadas à infecção pelo vírus Zika em municípios da Bahia, 2015. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, v. 26, n. 1, p. 9–18, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000100002
MEYER, B. N. et al. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica, v. 45, n. 5, p. 31–34, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971236
MARTINS, G. et al. Chemical profile, bactericidal in vitro potential and toxicity against Artemia salina Leach of essential oils obtained from natural condiments. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 2, e58310212898, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12898
MUNIZ, A. P. S. et al. Alternativas genéticas no controle das arboviroses: revisão sistemática. Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana, v. 22, n. 5, p. e4452, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n5-008
NIST. Mass spectral library (NIST/EPA/NIH). Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005.
PEREIRA, R. et al. Chemical constituents and larvicide potential against Aedes aegypti of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 9, e9910917683, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17683
PEREIRA SERRA, O. et al. Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v. 111, n. 1, p. 20–29, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150270
RUIZ, A. L. T. G. et al. Avaliação da atividade tóxica em Artemia salina e Biomphalaria glabrata de extratos de quatro espécies do gênero Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, v. 15, n. 2, p. 98–102, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2005000200005
SILVA, C. X. R.; BELFORT, M. G. S.; SALLET, L. A. P. Plantas medicinais no cerrado tocantinense. 1. ed. Palmas: UNITINS, 2024.
SILVA, M. F. R. et al. Composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Piper corcovadensis (Miq.) C. DC (Piperaceae). Experimental Parasitology, v. 165, p. 64–70, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.017
TABANCA, N. et al. Comparative investigation of Umbellularia californica and Laurus nobilis leaf essential oils and identification of constituents active against Aedes aegypti. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 61, p. 12283–12291, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4052682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4052682
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. Geneva: WHO, 2005.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo Luz, Maria Fernandes Nunes Silva Lima, Sarah de Sousa Moreira, Maria Vitória Vanderlei de Alencar Soares, Ricardo Barbosa de Sousa, Lucas da Costa Carvalho, José Antônio Costa Leite, Milena Martins Máximo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits the sharing of the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
Authors are authorized to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., posting in an institutional repository or publishing it as a book chapter), provided that authorship and initial publication in this journal are properly acknowledged, and that the work is adapted to the template of the respective repository;
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive exchanges and increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access);
Authors are responsible for correctly providing their personal information, including name, keywords, abstracts, and other relevant data, thereby defining how they wish to be cited. The journal’s editorial board is not responsible for any errors or inconsistencies in these records.
PRIVACY POLICY
The names and email addresses provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes of this publication and will not be made available for any other purpose or to third parties.
Note: All content of the work is the sole responsibility of the author and the advisor.
