LAS PRÁCTICAS DE MANEJO QUE INDUCEN RESISTENCIA ALTERAN LA ARQUITECTURA, LOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LA SOJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/6rws9277Palabras clave:
Análisis multivariado; eficiencia reproductiva; Glycine max; resistencia inducida; salud foliar.Resumen
Este estudio evaluó diferentes estrategias de manejo de inducción de resistencia en soya, destacando que las combinaciones de inductores y fungicidas pueden modificar significativamente la arquitectura de la planta, los componentes del rendimiento y la productividad en condiciones de Cerrado. La investigación enfatiza la importancia económica del cultivo, los impactos de las enfermedades foliares y de fin de ciclo, las limitaciones del control químico aislado y el potencial de los inductores de resistencia para optimizar la salud de la planta y el desempeño morfofisiológico. El experimento se realizó en Mineiros (GO), en un Oxisol bajo un clima tropical Aw, utilizando un diseño de bloques aleatorizados con cuatro estrategias de manejo (ISR1–ISR4) aplicadas al cultivar Brasmax Olimpo IPRO. Los tratamientos se llevaron a cabo en etapas vegetativas y reproductivas, evaluando variables estructurales (ramificación, número de nudos, altura y diámetro del tallo), variables reproductivas (número de vainas y granos por clase) y productividad. Los análisis incluyeron estadística descriptiva, PCA, LASSO y análisis de ruta para identificar las variables más influyentes en el rendimiento. ISR1 e ISR2 promovieron un mayor vigor vegetativo, un aumento en la proporción de vainas con tres y cuatro granos, y mayores rendimientos, alcanzando hasta 70,09 sc ha⁻¹. ISR3 resultó en una arquitectura más compacta y un menor rendimiento, mientras que ISR4 mostró un desempeño intermedio. El análisis de ruta reveló que P3S, P4S, BRN, MNN, PLH y TPD contribuyen positivamente al rendimiento. Se concluye que las prácticas de manejo que equilibran el vigor vegetativo y una alta proporción de vainas con tres y cuatro granos son más eficientes para maximizar la productividad de la soja.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Julia Dias Costa, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Diego Oliveira Ribeiro, Glicélia Pereira Silva, Alexandre Igor de Azevedo Pereira, Carmen Rosa da Silva Curvelo, Rodrigo Vieira da Silva, Deborah Amorim Martins, Luiz Leonardo Ferreira
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