THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY AND THE APPLICATION OF SECURITY MEASURES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PSYCHIATRIC REFORM

Abstract

This article analyzes, from a sociological perspective, the impact of psychiatric reform on the application of security measures for people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. Starting from the contextualization of the topic, the study emphasizes the relevance of the debate about human rights, public policies, citizenship, and criminal justice. The theoretical framework is based on the contributions of Foucault, Goffman, and Basaglia, articulating the concepts of exclusion, social control, and total institutions with the advances promoted by Law No. 10.216/2001 and international experiences. Adopting a qualitative approach, of a descriptive, bibliographic, and narrative nature, the study uses content analysis as proposed by Bardin, with the definition of clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for the analyzed material. The results highlight both tensions and progress, especially regarding the reduction of compulsory hospitalizations, the expansion of alternative services, and the alignment of jurisprudence with the logic of psychosocial rehabilitation, although significant challenges persist. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the reforms depends on the articulation of intersectoral policies, continuous investments, and systematic monitoring, emphasizing the need to strengthen dignity and human rights in the legal and health treatment of people suffering from mental illness.