USO DE LA AYAHUASCA EN BRASIL: UN ANÁLISIS DE UNA DÉCADA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/ectfbd76Palabras clave:
Ayahuasca, Psicodélicos, Salud mental, Medicina tradicional, Brasil.Resumen
La ayahuasca es una bebida psicoactiva de origen amazónico, utilizada tradicionalmente por pueblos indígenas y por religiones de matriz brasileña, cuya composición combina plantas ricas en N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT) y alcaloides β-carbolínicos. En las últimas décadas, se ha observado un creciente interés científico en sus posibles efectos terapéuticos, especialmente en el ámbito de la salud mental, así como en sus riesgos, implicaciones éticas y aspectos regulatorios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar de manera crítica la producción científica de los últimos diez años sobre el uso de la ayahuasca en Brasil. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada a partir de búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BIREME y Google Académico, incluyendo artículos publicados en portugués e inglés entre 2015 y 2025. Se analizaron un total de 46 artículos. Los resultados indican evidencia preliminar de efectos antidepresivos rápidos, posibles beneficios en los trastornos por uso de sustancias y cambios neurobiológicos asociados a la modulación de redes cerebrales. No obstante, también se identificaron riesgos físicos y psicológicos, importantes limitaciones metodológicas y lagunas en el conocimiento científico. Se concluye que, aunque la ayahuasca presenta potencial terapéutico, su uso requiere cautela, rigor científico y una cuidadosa consideración de los contextos socioculturales y éticos involucrados.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Marcos Lorran Paranhos Leão, Estácio Amaro da Silva Júnior

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