DESARROLLO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN BIOCOMPUESTO A BASE DE QUITOSANA, ARCILLA Y COLÁGENO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66104/z4pdj670Palabras clave:
Biopolímeros, Películas Tópicas, Montmorilonita, BiocompuestosResumen
El proceso de cicatrización requiere condiciones adecuadas para favorecer la regeneración tisular y minimizar las complicaciones asociadas a las lesiones. En este contexto, se están investigando las películas tópicas como alternativas prometedoras para su aplicación en apósitos, ya que actúan como barreras físicas capaces de proteger la herida y mantener un entorno favorable para la cicatrización. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y caracterizar películas biocompuestas a base de quitosano, colágeno y montmorilonita para su posible aplicación en el tratamiento de heridas. Las películas se produjeron mediante el método de evaporación del disolvente y se caracterizaron mediante análisis cualitativos, espesor, contenido de humedad, solubilidad, hinchamiento y espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Los resultados evidenciaron la formación de películas homogéneas, con buena integridad estructural. La evaluación cualitativa mostró una coloración amarillenta atribuida a la quitosana, mientras que la presencia de colágeno promovió superficies más claras y brillantes; las películas que contenían montmorilonita presentaron mayor opacidad y menor maleabilidad, debido al efecto de refuerzo estructural ejercido por la arcilla. Los análisis de humedad indicaron una mayor retención de agua en las formulaciones con mayor contenido de quitosana, mientras que los ensayos de solubilidad demostraron una mayor disolución en las películas que contenían colágeno. El ensayo de intumescencia reveló una buena capacidad de absorción de agua. Los análisis FTIR confirmaron la presencia de las bandas características de los componentes de la matriz polimérica, además de evidenciar interacciones intermoleculares entre los componentes. De este modo, los films biocompuestos desarrollados presentaron propiedades físico-químicas prometedoras para su aplicación en el tratamiento de heridas, combinando biocompatibilidad, bajo coste y el uso de materiales naturales.
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